WAJIN-DEN

The body of WAJIN-DEN;

The WI people, Japanese people, live on islands surrounded by a big sea.
These islands lie in the southeast direction from TAIHOU prefecture.
 ( TAIHOU is Seoul area, the capital of South Korea in the 21st century. )
The WI country consists of mountainous islands.
Long ago, there were about 100 countries in Japan.
Japanese had been to the Palace in the period of the HAN dynasty,
and presented the Japanese goods to the emperor of China.
( It is surprised that this is the official record of the diplomatic relations
between China and Japan over 2,000 years ago. ).
Now, Interpreters are sent and 30 countries in Japan associates with us China.
( Now means the third century. ).

The route that reaches Japan from TAIHOU prefecture is shown in the following.
Go by ship along the coastline of Korea.
And go zigzag , to east and south direction , through the South Korean land.
Then you can arrive at the north shore of the Japanese capital.
The name of this shore's land is KOYA-KANKOKU.
( KOYA-KANKOKU is the Pusan area of South Korea in the 21st century. ).
The distance from TAIHOU to KOYA-KANKOKU is about 7,000 RI.
( RI is the unit of the length, and is equivalent to 75 meters in the 21st century . ).

Cross the sea for the first time, and you can reach the TAIKAI country.
The distance is about 1,000 RI from KOYA-KANKOKU.
A chief's name is HIKO. The name of the vice chief is HINUMORI.
This country is a isolated island. The size is 400 RI square.
The land consists of precipitous mountains, and there are many woods in it.
The road seems to be an animal trail. There is about 1,000 houses.
There is no good rice paddy.
They take seafood, and trade with north and south countries by ship.

Then, cross the sea to south direction about 1,000 RI.
This sea is named KANKAI.  ( It means a fast ocean current. ).
( It is Tsushima ocean current, between Korea and North Kyushu of Japan. ).
You can reach the ITA country.  Chief's name is also HIKO.
The name of the vice chief is HINUMORI.
The country is 300 RI square island, covered with a lot of bamboos and forests.
There are 3,000 houses, and there is a wide gap between wealth and poverty.
A paddy field isn't enough to eat, so they trade with north and south countries.

Cross the sea about 1,000 RI again, and you can arrive at the MATSURO country.
 ( This name exists at North Kyushu of Japan in the 21st century. )
There are about 4,000 houses at the seashore in front of mountains.
Plants grows so thick that you cannot see through plants at a person who is just ahead of you.
They like to catch fishes and abalone, and dive in shallow and deep sea to get fishes and shells.

Go to the south-east direction 500 RI on the land.
You can arrive at the ITO country. ( This name also exists in the 21st century. )
A chief's name is NISHI. The name of the vice chief is SEMOKU and HEKOKU.
There are about 1,000 houses.
There is a king for generations in this country, but it is governed by Queen Country.
Government officials from TAIHOU prefecture always come and stay here.

If you go to the south-east direction 100 RI, you can arrive at the NU country.
A chief's name is JIMAKU. The name of the vice chief is HINUMORI.
There shall be about 20,000 houses.
Go to the east direction 100 RI and arrive at the FUMI country.
A chief's name is TAMO. The name of the vice chief is HINUMORI.
There are about 1,000 houses.
If you go to the south direction by ship, you can reach the TUMA country for 20 days.
A chief's name is MIMI. The name of the vice chief is MIMINARI.
There shall be about 50,000 houses.
Go to the south from here FUMI country, then you finally arrive at the YAMA-WI country, where Queen's Palace is located.  ( This is the capital of Japan in the third century. )
It takes 10 days by ship and then 1 month on land route from TAIHOU to Queen Country.

Government official's name are ISHIMA, MIMASYOU, MIMAKASHI, NUKATEI.
There are about 70,000 houses here in this capital.

As for the northern countries from Queen Country, the number of houses and the distance can be mentioned above, but as for other distant countries, the details aren't clear except names.
The name of these far countries are SHIMA, IHASHI, IYA, GUNSHI, MINU,
KOUKOTO, FUKA, SENU, TAISO, SONU, KAYUU, KANUSONU, KI, WIGO, KINU,
YAMA, KUSHIN, HARI, SHIWI, UNU, NU country.
These countries are the boundaries of Queen Country.

And there is KONU country , which is ruled by a king, in the southern direction.
A Government official's name is KOKOCHIKIKO.
This country isn't controlled by Queen Country.
Total distance from TAIHOU prefecture to Queen Country is about 12,000 RI.

All male adults and male children have tattoo carved on their faces and bodies.
When they visited Chinese Palace from ancient times, they always named themselves as TAIFU.
 ( TAIFU is the status name of government official in ancient China. )
When the child of SYOUKOU, who was Emperor of the XIA dynasty, when it was pre-Anyan,
were confined in KAIKEI area, they taught to the KAIKEI people to cut hair and to carve a tattoo
 in order to avoid the damage of shark.
Now the fisherman of the WI country carves a tattoo, and they like to dive into the water, to eat fish and shells.  ( KAIKEI is the present Shanghai area of China.)
This tattoo was a charm for a big fish and a waterfowl, but became an ornament later.
It is different in every country.
One tattoo is at left side and another is at right side. One tattoo is big one and another is small one. It shows the wide gap between wealth and poverty.
It is calculated that Japanese Capital is located at the further east side of the eastern area where KAIKEI governed. ( This means interchange of culture between KAIKEI and the WI country. )

The manners and customs are not obscene.
About Man's hair style, a cotton cloth is put on his topknot.
The clothes are connected oblong cloths, which aren't sewed.
About woman's hair style, the hair is folded back.
As for woman's clothes there is a hole in the center of one cloth to pass a head through it.
Rice, hemp and mulberry are cultivated. They raise silkworms, spin threads, and produce hemp yarn, silk, cotton.
There is no difference in animals such as a cow, a horse, a tiger, a leopard, a sheep and a hen here.

Soldiers use pikes, wooden shields, wooden bows.
The lower side of these bows is short,  but the upside is long.
The bamboo arrows have iron and bone arrowheads.
Their manners and customs are the same as that of TANJI and SYUGAI in China.
This WI country is warm in summer and winter. They eat raw vegetables.
They usually live barefoot.
The sleeping place of their house is different for father, mother and brothers.
They apply vermilion on their body like Chinese powder.
They use tableware, but eat by hand.
When they die, They put a corpse in a coffin, but there is no box to keep a coffin in a grave. They seal the coffin in the soil and make a mound on it.
They go into mourning about 10 days after the death, and never eat a meat for these days.

Though the chief mourner cries hard, other people sing a song and dance besides the chief mourner, and they eat and drink.
When a funeral is finished, the chief mourner's family goes into a water and bathes.
It seems to be RENMOKU in China.
When people cross the sea  to China, there is always one person, who doesn't comb his hair, who doesn't remove lice, who keeps his clothes dirty, who doesn't eat a meat, and who keeps away from a woman.
I.e., they make him the person who is just in dead person's mourning. They call him JISAI.
If a voyage is good fortune , they give him a slave and a wealth substance.
However, if there is a sick person in the tourist or they meet with the damage of the storm, they try to kill the person called JISAI , because he breaks the taboo.

Pearls and blue precious stones are produced. Red lead is produced from the mountain.
There are camphor trees, horse chestnuts, oaks, cedars, mulberries and maple.
There are various kinds of bamboo.
There are ginger, Japanese peppers and Japanese ginger but they don't know that they are delicious.
There are monkeys and black pheasants.

As for the manners and customs, they burn a bone and tell fortune, when they do an event and they go for the trip and they try to do something.
They announce that they tell fortune first of all. The interpretation of the fortune telling looks like the Chinese method REIKI. They see the slit of fire, and tell the signs of fortune.
In the order of the seat with the meeting, there is no distinction of father, son, man and woman.  They like liquor by nature.
            By the book named "GIRYAKU", they don't know the correct year
            and the four seasons.
           At the cultivation season in spring and the harvest season in autumn,
           they regard these two seasons as the start of a year.
                ( This shows that one year has two times year. )

When the high person of the social position is respected, they only strike a hand, and make it a substitute for Chinese KIHAI.
Their lives are 80, 90 or 100 years.  ( Indeed they are 40,45 or 50 years old. )
With their manners and customs, the high person of the social position usually has four or five wives.
Some of the low person of the social position have two or three wives.
A woman isn't obscene, and doesn't have jealousy too.
There is no thief, and there are few lawsuit, too.
In case of breaking a law,
When the crime is light, the wife and children are killed.
When the crime is serious, the family and the relatives are killed.
There is difference in each social position.
They have a system, the low person has to obey the high person.
The people have to pay their tax, and there is a warehouse to store these.
There are markets in the countries.

The people trade with each other.  SHITAIWI watches these dealings.
One large army is specially established toward the north countries from Queen Country.
It inspects countries. Countries are afraid of this army.
It is always established in the ITO country.  The power seems to be Chinese SHISHI.
When the Queen sends messengers to the Chinese Capital, TAIHOU or Korea countries,
or when the messenger of TAIHOU comes to the WI country, these messengers have to take the check and the confirmation of documents and gifts at the port.
Because there is no difference of documents and goods when they meet the Queen.
When the low person of the social position meets the high person on the road,
he goes backward, and goes into the grass of the roadside.
When he transmits a word and explains things,
he crouches down, and or kneels, and puts both hands on the ground.
These are the manners of submission.
They say the voice of the correspondence as "AI".
It seems to be the meaning of the consent.

This country had a king before. His reign was 70 or 80 years. ( Indeed 35 or 40 years )
And then there was a war in the WI country. Countries attacked each other for several years.
So, countries cooperated, and made one girl as a king. Her name was HIMIKA.
She served religion to call KIDOU. She dazzled people's minds with her spirit power.
Though she was a middle age, she didn't have a husband.
There was a younger brother, who helped the politics.
After she became a queen,  there were few people to see her.
She had one thousand maidservants. Only one man served her eating and drinking.
He came and went in her room so as to receive her divine message.
Her palace set up the watchtower and the stockade severely.
The people who had weapons were always making a guard.

If you cross the sea to the east direction from Queen Country, you can find a country.
The distance is 1000 RI.  It is the same kind as the WI country.
However there is the SYUJYU country in the south from it.
This is a dwarf country, and person's height is only 3 or 4 SYAKU.  ( Person's height was usually 7 SYAKU in China and Japan. SYAKU is the unit of the length. )
The distance is about 4,000 RI from Queen Country.
Moreover, there are a nakedness country and a black tooth country.
The direction  is to the southeast of the SYUJYU country,
 and it takes one year by ship to arrive these countries. ( Indeed half year )
If you go to the WI country, you will find one is in a isolated island in the sea and another is a stretched land.  It is about 5000 RI to travel around them.

On June of Second year of KEISYO, when it is 238 A.D., the Queen of the WI country sent NANSYOUMAI and his members.
They visited TAIHOU prefecture, then they hoped to meet the emperor to give their gifts.
RYUUKA , the chief of TAIHOU, made officials go to the Capital of China with them.
On December of this year, the emperor issued the document, and told the Queen as follows.
" I appoint you as SHINGI-WIOH HIMIKA, which means HIMIKA is the king of the WI country.
I know you sent your NANSYOUMAI and TOSHI-GYUURI to our country, also presented four male slaves, six female slaves and two clothes to me.
Though your country is far from our country, it means your loyalty that you send a messenger and contribute to me.
So, I love you very much. I consider you the king now, and give a gold seal and a purple cordon to you.
I shall seal them, and deliver them to the chief of TAIHOU, and give them to you.
Let your people serve me to show these goods to your people.
Your NANSYOUMAI and GYUURI came here through the long way.
I admit their achievement.
I appoint NANSYOUMAI as SOTSUZEN-CYUUROUSYOU, and GYUURI as SOTSUZEN-KOUI.
I will give a silver seal and a blue cordon to them. I meet and appreciate them,  and I'll send them to you.

I'll give you five red silk brocades, ten thin silk, fifty red cloths and fifty dark blue cloths.
These are equivalent to the value of the present which you supplied.
Particularly to you, I'll give three dark blue brocades, five cloths, fifty white silks, eight RYOU of gold, two swords, one hundred mirrors, fifty pearls and fifty red lead.
All these goods will be packed and entrusted to NANSYOUMAI and GYUURI.
Please get these goods if they come back to your country.
And you should show all goods to your people.
You must make your people know that our country loves you.
Therefore, I'll courteously give you excellent goods."

In the first year of SEIJI, when it is 240 A.D. , KYOUJYUN, the chief of TAIHOU, sent TEISYUN and his members to the WI country with the Chinese official documents and the seal.
They arrived at the WI country. They had an audience with the Queen of the WI country.
They presented their king's documents, gold brocades, silks, swords, mirrors and gifts.
Then the Queen prepared the Japanese official document, and entrusted it to the messengers.
She expressed her gratitude to the favor.
In the fourth year of SEIJI,  the Queen of the WI country  sent ISEIKI, EKIYAKO and other messengers , total eight persons, again.
They had an audience with Chinese Emperor, and presented slaves, Japanese brocades, dark blue cloths, cotton cloths and short bows and arrows.
EKIYAKO and other persons were given the rank of SOTSUZEN-CYUUROUSYOU, and they got seals.

In the sixth year of SEIJI, The emperor of China prepared the document, to decide to give the KOUDOU to NANSYOUMAI of the WI country. And the emperor entrusted it to TAIHOU.
 ( KOUDOU is a yellow flag, and it means the General of China. )
In the eighth year of SEIJI, OHKI was appointed the chief of TAIHOU this time.
The Queen, HIMIKA, had a discord with the king of the KONU country, HIMIKUKA, for a long time. She sent WI-SAI, SIOETSU and their members to TAIHOU.
She reported the state that they attacked each other with the KONU country.
So, the chief of TAIHOU sent CYOUSEI and his members to the WI country, to give the document and the KOUDOU to NANSYOUMAI.
He advised HIMIKA by issuing the written appeal so as to stop the battle act.

When the Queen, HIMIKA, died, the WI people made a big mound.
Its diameter was 100 HU. ( about 30 meters )
About one hundred slaves were buried together with their master on that occasion.
Then a male king were made, but his kingdom people didn't obey him.
Moreover they killed each other. They say that 1000 people were killed at this time.
So, they made a 13-year-old girl named IYO as a new queen again, who was the girl of HIMIKA religion.
Her kingdom people were finally calmed down.
CYOUSEI advised IYO by issuing the written appeal so as to stop the battle act.
IYO responded to this, and she sent EKIYAKO and his members.
She helped CYOUSEI and his members to go back to TAIHOU prefecture.
Then, EKIYAKO  and his members went to the capital of China,
They presented 30 male and female slaves, five thousand white precious stones, two big blue jewels, twenty Japanese brocades to the emperor of China.

   =====================================================================

      Reference literature ; " There was no YAMATAI country "
      Author ;  TAKEHIKO FURUTA, who is a Japanese scholar.

     In order to understand his theory, this WAJIN-DEN was particularly translated
     into English.  Because English is clearer than Japanese.
     Though there might be many mistakes in these translated sentences,
     I would like many people to know the ancient Japanese history.
     Reference ;  E-mail   chachakunn@aol.com

          Rev. 0     16th of Aug. '2001
          Rev. 1     20th of Aug. '2001   Outline was corrected.
          Rev. 2     10th of Sep.  '2001   KA dynasty was corrected to XIA dynasty.
          Rev. 3     27th of Sep.  '2001   SHI dynasty was corrected to JIN dynasty.