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Machine Breakers, Rioters, Convicts & Criminals

Convict & Criminal Research, 1780-1900 +

 

HOME PAGE Jill Chambers   

E-mail Jillchmbrs@aol.com

 

Contact address: 42 Kesteven Road, Stamford, Lincolnshire. PE9 1SU. UK

CURRENT PROJECTS

THE SWING RIOTS OF 1830 -1831

PUBLICATIONS FOR SALE

LINKS TO OTHER SITES

MACHINE BREAKERS' NEWS

CONVICT  & CRIMINAL RESEARCH

FAMILY HISTORY FAIRS

 

 

Current Projects

Transportation Index: Index of Convicts transported to Australia, 1787 - 1868. All counties represented.

Protestors Index: Includes late 18th and 19th century machine breakers, rioters and protestors etc.

Criminal Petitions Index: Index to Criminal Petitions in HO17 and HO18, at The National Archives (formerly Public

Record Office), covering dates 1819-1854. Now working on HO17/80-89.

Hulk Registers Index: At the moment this relates mainly to prisoners held on board hulks in Bermuda (1824-1829), and the boys hulk, ‘Euryalus’ (1825-1843), but convicts on some other hulks are included.

The Story of the 1830 Riots: Now working on a new, updated, edition of the riots in Wiltshire Machine Breakers, which I hope to have available later this year. Also working on a new edition of Berkshire Machine Breakers and Rebels of the Fields: Robert Mason & the convicts of the Eleanor. The next new area to be covered will be Sussex.

Sentenced to Death and Transportation – 1787-1868: The information for this Database has been taken from a number of records both in this country and Australia and includes name, age, offence, date & place of trial, sentence, date of execution (if sentenced to death), name of ship, date of sailing, and destination (if sentenced to transportation). In many cases additional information will be included, such as occupation, prison hulk or prison, native place (may just be county, but in some instance actual place), whether married or single, and any previous convictions. The first part of this database, covering Yorkshire 1830-1839, is now available on CD. The next area to be covered will be Lancashire 1830-1839, which I hope to have ready later this year.

Parkhurst Prison Registers Index: This index is being compiled from registers HO24/15 and PCOM2, held at The National Archives (formerly Public Record Office), covering dates 1838 – 1863, and relating to boys sentenced to transportation, and at the end of this period, to imprisonment. So far I have the names of all the boys who were sent to Parkhurst Prison between 1838 and 1850, 2194 names in all.

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The Swing Riots of 1830 & 1831

 

           It was in the autumn of 1830 that the agricultural labourers, mainly those in the southern half of England, rose up against their masters in an effort to better the lives of themselves and their families. By the beginning of 1831, instead of the improved working and living conditions they had hoped for, many families found themselves worse off with the breadwinner confined to prison or worse still on board the hulks awaiting transportation to either New South Wales or Van Diemen’s Land, as Tasmania was then called, and many of those left behind described as 'on the parish.'

          The riots seem to have been caused by a number of factors the main ones being, poor living conditions, low wages, at least three years of poor harvests, that of 1829 being followed by a very severe winter which caused further distress to the farm labourer and his family, the last straw in some areas appears to have been the introduction of the threshing machine, these machines were seen by the labourer as taking away his winter employment. It was the threshing machine that was to become the main target for destruction during the disturbances.

The first threshing machine was destroyed at Lower Hardres in Kent on 28th August 1830, but before this, there had been several cases of arson reported and a threatening letter had been received at Mildenhall in Suffolk as early as February 1830. The trouble spread north and west from Kent reaching a peak in mid November by which time most counties south of a line from Norfolk in the east to Worcestershire in the west had been involved in one way or another. Threatening or 'Swing' letters (so called as many of them were signed by the mythical 'Captain Swing') were however received as far west as Herefordshire a3nd incidence of arson occurred as far north as Carlisle.

The main counties from which men were transported were Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Dorset, Essex, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Huntingdon, Kent, Norfolk, Oxfordshire, Suffolk, Sussex, and Wiltshire. One or two were also sentenced to transportation in Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Derbyshire, Herefordshire, Hertfordshire, Shropshire, Somerset, and Staffordshire.

          The disturbances took a variety of forms. 'Swing' letters were sent to farmers and manufacturers threatening the destruction of their property if they failed to remove the machinery or raise the wages. Stacks and barns were fired, and there were riotous assemblies with demands being made for higher wages and reductions in the tithes. Attacks were made on workhouses and overseers. In some counties machinery and wrought iron foundries were attacked. In Buckinghamshire attacks were made on the recently installed machinery at several paper mills along a three-mile stretch of river between Loudwater and Chepping Wycombe. Paper mills were also attacked at Colthrop, in Berkshire, and Lyng and Taverham in Norfolk. Also in Norfolk machinery was destroyed at Robert Calver's sawmill at Catton and the mill itself was set alight. At Wilton in Wiltshire a large mob caused around £300 worth of damage at John Brasher's woolen cloth factory. Machinery valued at £2,000 was demolished at Tasker's Waterloo Foundry at Upper Clatford near Andover in Hampshire, while at Fordingbridge in the same county it was East Mill, Samuel Thompson's sacking factory and William Shepherd's threshing machine factory at Stuckton that bore the brunt of the labourers anger. There were riots involving some Kidderminster carpet weavers, where needle-stamps and presses were destroyed by workers at Redditch in Worcestershire, but it is not certain that these were directly related to the labourers’ movement. In many instances of machine breaking, particularly in Berkshire, Hampshire and Wiltshire, the mob made demands for money, beer or food in return for what they termed 'their services'. Many of those involved in this were to be charged with robbery when they came to trial.

          The disturbances spread rapidly from one county to the next, taking less than a week to reach Wiltshire from Sussex. The organisation of the movement was almost entirely on a local level with leaders or 'Captains' being chosen from the community. There were however some leaders who worked outside their own areas the most notorious being 'Captain' or 'Lord Hunt' (real name James Thomas Cooper), who led a number of riots in Hampshire, Wiltshire and Dorset. He was executed at Winchester on 15th January 1831. In most instances however bands of men from one village travelled around the farms and hamlets in their area gathering men, demanding higher wages, destroying machinery and in some cases levying money, as they went. News of what was happening passed quickly from one village to the next and it was not long before another band of men with similar grievances were making their way around their area. In many counties the trouble was short lived, for example, the riots reached Hampshire around the 10th November and were virtually all over by the 26th of the same month.

          It was the contagious aspect of the riots that alarmed the authorities, although they were rather slow to react at first. Some troops were dispatched to troubled areas but the Government left it to the rural magistrates to deal with the problem as they saw fit. When the new Home Secretary, Lord Melbourne, took office in November 1830, it was seen that this was not enough. The Yeomanry were mobilized, special constables were sworn in and landowners organised their own forces made up of tenants and servants. By the end of December 1830, the main wave of rioting was virtually all over and almost, 2,000 men and women had been rounded up and were awaiting trial. The Government considered that the magistrates in Kent, who had already tried some of the rioters, were being too lenient and a Special Commission was set up to deal with those in what were considered to be the counties where damage had been most pronounced, Hampshire, Wiltshire, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Dorset. The remainder were to be tried at the Assize Courts or Quarter Sessions. The trials did not bring an immediate end to the disturbances. Riots and demonstrations continued into 1831, with several threshing machines being broken and, if anything, the number of cases of arson reported continued to grow after this time.

          Almost before the trials were over petitions were organised by individuals and the inhabitants of numerous towns and villages throughout the country in an attempt to save those sentenced to death and to put in a plea for a reduction in the sentence of the others. In some cases the petitions had the desired effect but 19 men were executed, over 600 were sentenced to varying terms of imprisonment and around 500 were sentenced to transportation for either life, 14 or 7 years.

          Their exile began with the move from goal to the prison hulks, for the majority of these men that meant a journey to Portsmouth and the hulk York. For many the stay on the York was short, in the case of many of those who sailed on the Eliza no more than a day or two was spent on the York, by the 6th February, 1831, 244 men were on board the Eliza bound for Tasmania and by April, 1831, most of the remaining prisoners were also on their way, either on the Eleanor that sailed for New South Wales or the Proteus that carried 112 men to Tasmania, 98 of them having been convicted of machine breaking or connected crimes. These particular ships took between 111 and 126 days to reach their destination. Not all of those sentenced to transportation actually sailed, some got no further than the prison hulks. Several more men and two women were to follow the three main ships, arriving alone or in twos and threes over the next few years making them one of the largest ever groups to be transported as a result of what was possibly the worst ever disturbances in rural England.

          The majority of the men were farm labourers; many of the Buckinghamshire men were described as ‘papermakers’. More unusual occupations included James Pumphrey, a road surveyor from Hampshire, Thomas Whatley a carpet weaver from Wiltshire; another Wiltshire man was blacksmith Maurice Pope who was also a prizefighter. In some cases more than one member of the same family was transported, fathers and sons, brothers, brother in laws and cousins.

          The two women sentenced to transportation were Elizabeth Studham, from Kent, who arrived at Hobart on the Mary in October, 1831 and Elizabeth Parker who was sentenced to transportation for seven years for breaking a threshing machine at Tetbury in Gloucestershire but received a free pardon and was discharged in July, 1831. She came up for trial again at the Gloucester Assizes held on 28th March 1832, charged with stealing money from the person of Daniel Cole. She was found guilty and sentenced to transportation for life and sailed on the Frances Charlotte arriving in Hobart in January 1833.

          On arrival in Australia the men were kept on board until all their details had been taken. This having been done they were then brought ashore. In 1831 the assignment system was still in operation and after being brought ashore the men were assigned either to government service or to individual settlers.

          More than half the men transported were married with families at the time of the riots and after they had been in Australia a year or two a few of them applied to the Governor for permission to have their family brought out at government expenses. Other men had their families brought out at their own expense after they were free and some, not all of them bachelors, married in Australia and made new lives for themselves.

          Even before the Eliza sailed efforts were underway in Parliament to try and obtain freedom for the men, but it was to be three years before Governor Arthur was directed to release the first 'machine breaker'. In August 1835, 264 'machine breakers' were pardoned and more were pardoned in the years that followed. By the mid 1840's the majority of the men had received their freedom, either by way of a Conditional or Absolute Pardon or a Certificate of Freedom. The only ones excluded were those who had been convicted of colonial offences. On the whole the 'Swing' prisoners were fairly well behaved. The conduct records for the Eliza and Proteus men show only minor offences in the main, most relating to drunkenness or the neglect of duty.

          Those men who had received a Certificate of Freedom on the expiry of their sentence or an Absolute Pardon, were free to return to England if they wished or could afford to do so, some did. I have so far found more than twenty instances of men making their way back to England where they were reunited with their families after an absence in some cases of nearly ten years. For the vast majority of the men though there was to be no return to England. Most stayed on in Australia and made new lives for themselves, working as labourers, tradesmen, farmers and innkeepers. Some made their way to Victoria during the Gold Rush, others after much hard work, prospered, a prosperity they might not have achieved had they remained in England.

          Over the last few years I have been contacted by a number of the descendants of those involved and I am indebted to them for all the details they have passed on to me on their particular ancestor and for putting me in touch with other descendants. It would seem that a number of those transported maintained contact with their former shipmates.

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PUBLICATIONS FOR SALE

The Story of the 1830 Swing Riots

The following books all follow the same format, with a day-by-day account of the riots and trials in each county. Includes biographical details of all those tried for machine breaking and associated crimes.

Kent Machine Breakers                     

Volume I: The Riots & Trials

Volume II: The Rioters (includes index to both books)

A5 Paperbacks                Total of 786 pages          Published 2006

Price for set £25.00         Add p&p. UK: 1st - £5.00; 2nd – £3.50 (books sent in separate envelopes)

Australia: Air - £11.00; Surface - £5.50

Kent Machine Breakers – Supplement: Source Documents

CD-ROM: £11.00 – (£5.00 if bought with a set of books) - Price includes worldwide p&p

Essex Machine Breakers

A5 Paperback                    482 pages                Published 2004

Price: £19.00 (This includes UK 1st Class  & Australia Surface Mail)

Add - £3.50 for Air Mail to Australia

Wiltshire Machine Breakers      

Volume 1: Riots and Trials                  (New edition of Volume I: The Riots & Trials available later this year - 2008)

Volume II: The Rioters              1088 pages            Published 2008               

Now available on CD                Price: £15.00 (This include p&p)

This volume gives information on all those people tried before the Special Commission of Assize, which opened at Salisbury in December 1830. It gives details of the offence, sentence, any petition sent on their behalf and in many cases family information, including baptism, brothers & sisters, marriage, death, & children. For those who were transported additional information includes, Hulk record, Conduct Record, Description, Ticket of Leave, Pardon, and Certificate of Freedom. There are also chapters on ‘Miscellaneous Rioters’, who were tried either before or after the Special Assize, details of rioters found in the 1835 census of Tisbury & Wardour, the Voyages of the Transport Ships, Eliza, Eleanor & Proteus, and transcripts of letter written to Thomas Vinen, who was transported from Tisbury.

 

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Hampshire Machine Breakers (2nd Edition)

A5 Paperback                    521 pages                Published 1996

Price: £15

Add p&p UK: 1st - £3.00; 2nd - £2.20. Australia: Air - £8.00; Surface - £3,20

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Buckinghamshire Machine Breakers

A5 Paperback                    338 pages                Published 1998

Price: £10

Add p&p UK: 1st - £2.; 2nd - £1.50. Australia: Air - £5.40; Surface - £2.50

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Berkshire Machine Breakers              (Sorry out of Print – New edition later this year - 2008)

A5 Paperback                    500 pages                Published 1999

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Gloucestershire Machine Breakers

A5 Paperback                    243 pages                Published 2002

Price: £10

Add p&p UK: 1st - £1.40; 2nd - £1.20. Australia: Air - £4.00; Surface - £1.90

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Dorset Machine Breakers

A5 Paperback                    340 pages                Published 2003

Price: £13

Add p&p UK: 1st - £2.00; 2nd - £1.50. Australia: Air - £5.30; Surface - £2.50

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OTHER TITLES:-

Criminal Petitions Index

An ongoing project to index Criminal Petitions, sent to the Home Office, on behalf of prisoners, between 1819 and 1854, (HO17 and HO18). The index is arranged alphabetical by surname and gives name, offences, date and place of trial, sentence, reference numbers and in many cases the age of the prisoners and name of prison hulk held on are all included. All counties are covered in each Part.

Series 1 (HO17) 1819 - 1839

Part 1 - HO17/40-49   

Part 2- HO17/50-59

Part 3- HO17/60-69

Part 4- HO17/70-79

Part 1 -4 (HO17/40-79) - Available on CD - Runs through Adobe Acrobat Reader Version 5, which is included on the disk. Fully searchable.

10,063 names       Published 2002     CD: £11.00 (includes p&p)

Sentenced to Death and Transportation: –Yorkshire 1830-1839

This Database gives information on 2,476 names. All the information is taken from records at The National Archives and the Archive Offices in New South Wales and Tasmania. I have not looked at any records in Yorkshire Record Offices. At the moment I don’t have access to the Conduct Records for females sent to Tasmania but I have included the references numbers for these, and the Description Books, where known.

An examples:-

SURNAME: WILSON     FORENAME: John                AGE: 21         

TRADE: Carpenter & joiner          

OFFENCE: Stealing timber

RIDING: NRY  DATE OF TRIAL: QS 6 July 1833, Scarborough

SENTENCE:         7y       

HULK: Justitia, Woolwich  HULK REFERENCE: HO8/37

TRANSPORT SHIP: Moffatt-VDL                SAILED: Jan 1834          

NATIVE PLACE: Scarborough    

NSW/VDL REFERENCE: CON31/47/40; CON18/15

TNA REFERENCES: HO27/46; HO11/9           

FURTHER DETAILS: Married 1 child, wife Mary at Scarborough; previous convictions, none recorded; admits to stealing biscuits from the store on the Hulk, had the key as he worked there; father sentenced to 2y for sheep stealing; Petition see HO17/47 Gs45

Not all the information is a detailed as that shown in the example. In a small number of cases only the name, date and place of trial and sentence are given.

The following example shows the minimum amount of information that might be shown.

SURNAME: BELL                        FORENAME: Jane                AGE:  

TRADE:   

OFFENCE: Larceny          

RIDING: WRY  DATE OF TRIAL: QS 9 Jan 1832, Leeds

SENTENCE:         7y       

HULK:                                           HULK REFERENCE:

TRANSPORT SHIP: Hydery-VDL                SAILED: April 1832        

NATIVE PLACE:

NSW/VDL REFERENCE: CON40/1; CON18/24

TNA REFERENCES: HO27/44; HO11/8           

FURTHER DETAILS:

Of the 2,476 names given, 744 were tried at Assizes, the remainder being tried at Quarter Sessions at Beverley, Bradford, Doncaster, Hull, Knaresborough, Leeds, Northallerton, Otley, Pontefract, Richmond, Ripon, Rotherham, Scarborough, Sheffield, Skipton, Wakefield, Wetherby,  & York City.

Available on CD           Price: £15.00 (includes p&p)

All these publication are available directly from me at the above address, or can be ordered from

http://www.genfair.co.uk

 

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Links to Other Sites

1830 Swing Riots Links

 

Swing Rioters to Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania) – http://www.rootsweb.com/~austas/proteus.html

Selborne & Headley Riots - http://www.johnowensmith.co.uk

 

Links to Prisoner & Convict sites

Bedfordshire Gaol Registers 1801-1901 - http://apps.bedfordshire.gov.uk/grd/

Warwickshire Calendars Of Prisoners 1800-1900 - http://www.warwickshire.gov.uk/Web/corporate/pages.nsf/Links/390E7E13C395FF6C80256B7B00377A8B

Freemantle Gaol Data Base - http://www.fremantleprison.com.au/history/history6.cfm

Old bailey Records – www.oldbaileyonline.org

 

Other useful Links

Family History & the Napoleonic Wars - http://members.aol.com/BJCham2909/homepage.html">HOME_PAGE

 

Machine Breakers' News Back Copies

Machine Breakers’ News, or Machine Breakers, Rioters, and Convict Research Newsletter, to give it the full title, was published three time a year. It contained articles on 18th and 19th century protest in England and Wales, including the swing Riots, Luddites, Chartists etc., and articles on general convict and criminal research. Although no long published back copies of articles are available. Ask for details.

The following articles have appeared in Machine Breakers' News.

April 1995

Letter from a Luddite ; Carpet Weavers' Riot Kidderminster, Worcestershire, 1830; Riots in Bibury, Gloucestershire, 1830; The Paper Machine Breakers; Samuel North: A Wiltshire Swing Rioter; The Leviathan Hulk, Portsmouth Harbour; A Little Local Difficulty, Isle of Wight, 1837

August 1995

Riots in the Years 1766 & 1767; The case of Joseph Smith, A Leicestershire Luddite; Yorkshire Luddites in Linthwaite, 1812; William Dove: A Norfolk Swing Rioter; Sarah Holdaway: The wife of a Hampshire Swing Rioter

December 1995

Weaver’s Riots in Barnsley, Yorkshire, 1829; Petitions Index; From the Petitions at the PRO, HO17 & HO18; The Austen Connection; Some Northamptonshire Machine Breakers, 1830/1831; Trouble at the Lace Mills, Chard, Somerset, 1842

April 1996

The Littleport Riots, Cambridgeshire, 1816; Taskers of Andover, Hampshire; Update on Frank Mirfield & William Ashton, of Barnsley, Yorkshire; Arson – Crime or Protest?

August 1996

Wiltshire shearmen against the Gig Mills, 1802; Joseph Pinchin: A Wiltshire Swing Rioter; Bread Riots in Exeter, Devon, 1854

December 1996

Swinging out of Van Diemen’s Land; The Attleborough Riots, Norfolk, 1830; The escape & re-capture of eight convicts from the prison hulk Fortitude, 1838; Criminal register Indexes.

April 1997

Echoes of the Riot: Hampshire1830; ‘To The King’s Most Excellent Majesty’: Hampshire1830; Jeremiah Brandreth: the Nottingham Captain, Derbyshire, 1817.

 

August 1997

The Other John Newland, Hampshire; Sutton Scotney’s ‘Tolpuddle Martyrs, Hampshire; James Pinchin: The Son of a Wiltshire Swing Rioter; Where did all the Breakers Go?

 

December 1997

From Great Bedwyn, Wiltshire, to Van Diemen’s Land; John Newland, The Trumpeter, Hampshire;  Miners Strike, County Durham, 1863.

 

April 1998

Richard Hailey, High Constable of Wycombe, Buckinghamshire; Alexander Somerville & Joseph Carter, a Hampshire Swing Rioter.

 

August 1998

The Dean Forest Riots, Gloucestershire, 1831; Coventry Riots, 1831, Warwickshire; Convict Love Tokens; Chartists Riots of 1839, Llanidloes, Montgomeryshire.

 

December 1998

The Riots Begin, Swing Riots of 1830; Jane Channon and the Bristol Riots, 1831; The Red sign Post & Botany Bay Farm, Dorset; Machine Breaking in Cambridgeshire, 1832.

 

April 1999

Trouble for the Great Shefford Relieving Officer, Berkshire, 1835; Censored Mail, Complaint from Chartists, John Frost, William Jones, & Zephania Williams; Depositions & Examinations of Richard Jordan & Susan Day, Berkshire, 1830.

 

August 1999

Historic Convict Settlement, Lynton Station, Western Australia, established 1853; A case of Arson in Kent, 1830; William Nation, A veteran of the Bristol Riots.

 

December 1999

Cover Picture - James Gunton, a Norfolk Swing Rioter; Thomas Kershaw, a Rochdale Weaver; Suffolk Machine Breakers.

 

April 2000

John Kingshott, A Hampshire Machine Breaker; Thomas Mackrell in Tasmania, a Berkshire Swing Rioter; The Merthyr Tydfil Rising, 1831; What became of Thomas Mackrell, junior?; Convict Prison Hulks, Part 1.

 

August 2000

Convict prison Hulks, Part 2; The Capture & Trial of Four Yorkshire Luddites; Escape from Bristol Gaol, 1831; Huntingdon Swing Rioters, Part 1.

 

December 2000

What we know about Mary Hindle, a Lancashire Rioter, 1826; Petition on behalf of Joseph Mason, a Hampshire swing Rioter; Huntingdon Swing Rioters, Part 2.

 

April 2001

Daily Life on Board a Convict Ship; Dorset Poverty in Print; Juvenile Crime in the 19th Century

 

August 2001

William Wareham – Swing Rioter; Prisoner’s Questionnaire

 

December 2001

Convict Hulks in Bermuda; Swing Rioter News; Notes on the Pentrich Rising, 1817; Transported 4 times

 

April 2002

Charity Stevens, a Machine Breakers’ Daughter; In Prison on Census Night

 

August 2002

Children of the Hulks; Admiralty Hulk Records; Machine Breaking at Minster, Kent, 1830; One Monday in November … and Beyond

 

December 2002

The Other Five Percent; Children of the Hulks – Part 2

 

April 2003

Frederick Matthias Alexander; Too Effeminate to be a Special Constable; Is this a Record?; James Taylor, a Smuggler from Margate, 1822; Riots in Durley, Hampshire, 1830

 

August 2003

Parkhurst: The Boy’s Prison; Editing Emigration History: The Story of a man of Steel

 

December 2003

Thomas Phasey: Records of a Convict Boy; Swing Riots in Banwell, Somerset, 1830; Yorkshire Luddite Trials: A short abstract of the depositions against the prisoners.

 

April 2004

Fatal encounter between the Coastal Blockade & Smugglers, Sussex 1831; The Plug-Plot Riots, Staffordshire, 1842; Isaac Reeves, 1st Foot Guard & Special Constable in 1831.

 

August 2004

Isaac Richardson, a Kent Machine Breaker; Sentences of some Luddites, York 1813.

 

December 2004

Campbell Town’s Convict Brick Trail; Swing Riots in Staffordshire, 1830/31

 

April 2005

Report on the arrival of the Mandarin in VDL, 1843; Samuel Carr: A Juvenile Offender; Samuel Sadgrove – permitted to transport himself, 1787

 

August 2005

Swing-rioters in the Loan Gang; Sentenced to Death & Transportation, Yorkshire 1830-1839

 

December 2005

Staffordshire Riots of 1832; Macquarie Harbour Penal Settlement; Further Notes on the Pentridge Rising, 1817

 

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Eliza Convict Ship – to Tasmania, 1831

The convict ship Eliza sailed from Portsmouth on the 6th February 1831. On board were 224 male convicts, all of them had been convicted of machine breaking or associated crimes. All the convicts survived the voyage. The Master of the Eliza was John S Groves and the Surgeon Superintendent was William Anderson. The Eliza arrived at Hobart Town on the 29th May 1831.

The following list gives the name, age, place & date of trial, and sentence of those on board. Further information on the men from Berkshire, Essex, Gloucestershire, Hampshire and Wiltshire will be found in the appropriate county book. See Publications page for details of prices.

Abery Thomas, 32                       Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Alexander Joseph, 25                  Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Alexander Matthias, 18                Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Allen John, 51                            Winchester 18 December 1830 – 7y

Amor Shadrach, 21                     Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Andrews Henry, 23                     Kent Quarter Sessions 25 November 1830 – 7y

Arney William, 27                       Winchester 18 December 1830 – 7y

Atkins Joseph, 33                       Oxford Quarter Sessions 3 January 1831 – 14y

Baker David, 29                         Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Baker Henry, 36                         Essex Special Gaol Delivery 6 December 1830 – 7y

Baker William, 27                       Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Ball George, 23                          Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Ball Robert, 22                           Gloucester Quarter Sessions 4 January 1831 – 7y

Banstone Samuel, 41                   Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y (alias Macey)

Barrett John, 24                         Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Barrett Robert, 26                      Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Barrett Samuel, 30                      Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Barrow George, 26                     Kent Special Gaol Delivery 13 December 1830 – 7y

Bartlett David, 24                       Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Bartlett William, 30                    Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Bates Daniel, 25                         Reading 27 December 1830 – Life

Beale John, 38                           Kent Special Gaol Delivery 13 December 1830 – 7y

Beckingham Richard, 26              Winchester 18 December 1830 – 7y

Beckley Charles, 20                    Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y (alias Giddings)

Be(a)minster Joseph, 26             Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Binstead Arthur, 48                     Sussex Quarter Sessions 3 January 1831 – 14y

Binstead George, 18                   Sussex Quarter Sessions 3 January 1831 – 14y

Bishop Thomas, 28                     Gloucester Quarter Sessions 4 January 1831 – 14y

Blake Robert, 25                        Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Blandford James, 28                   Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 14y         

Boyes John, 50                           Winchester 18 December 1830 – 7y

Boxall Thomas, 24                      Sussex Quarter Sessions 3 January 1831 – 14y

Brind Thomas, 38                       Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Broadway Henry 33                     Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Brown Thomas, 19                      Sussex Special Gaol delivery 18 December 1830 - Life

Brown William, 33                      Kent (Dover) Quarter Sessions 21 December 1830 - 7y

Burden James, 36                       Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Burge Charles, 19                       Sussex Quarter Sessions 3 January 1831 – 14y

Burt Thomas, 26                         Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Bushell Stephen, 28                    Kent (Dover) Quarter Sessions 21 December 1830 - 7y

Bushell William, 17                     Kent (Dover) Quarter Sessions 21 December 1830 - 7y

Camel Edward, 33                      Oxford Quarter Sessions 3 January 1831 – 7y

Case James, 47                          Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y (alias Kass)

Champ David, 21                        Winchester 18 December 1830 – 7y

Chubb Joseph, 32                      Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 14y  (alias Harvey)

Cole Richard, 37                        Gloucester Quarter Sessions 4 January 1831 – 7y

Cole William, 46                        Essex Special Gaol Delivery 6 December 1830 – 7y

Collins George, 24                      Winchester 18 December 1830 – 7y

Collins John, 33                          Winchester 18 December 1830 – 7y

Cook William, 38                        Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Cooper James, 29                      Winchester 18 December 1830 – 7y

Compton Henry, 25                     Gloucester Quarter Sessions 4 January 1831 – 14y

Cowley Robert, 24                     Gloucester Quarter Sessions 4 January 1831 – 7y

Crockford Hurlock, 27                 Sussex Special Gaol Delivery 18 December 1830 - Life

Cullender Robert, 18                   Essex Special Gaol Delivery 6 December 1830 – 7y

Curtis William, 28                       Essex Special Gaol Delivery 6 December 1830 – 7y

Davey George, 28                      Essex Special Gaol Delivery 6 December 1830 – 14y

Dicketts Henry, 19                      Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Dorey James, ?                          Sussex Quarter Sessions 3 January 1831 – 7y

Duke John, 20                            Winchester 18 December 1830 – 7y

Dunk James, 35                          Kent Special Gaol Delivery 13 December 1830 – 7y

Dunnett Charles, 44                    Essex Special Gaol Delivery 6 December 1830 – 7y

Durham William, 22                    Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Edgeworth James, 28                 Gloucester Quarter Sessions 4 January 1831 – 7y

Edgington Joseph, 42                  Gloucester Quarter Sessions 4 January 1831 – 7y

Eldridge Henry, 22                      Gloucester Quarter Sessions 4 January 1831 – 7y

Elton William, the younger, 23    Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Eyres John, 35                           Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Fielder Arthur, 43                       Winchester 18 December 1830 – 7y

Fisher Joseph, 22                       Oxford Quarter Sessions 3 January 1831 – 7y

Foot Thomas, 30                        Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Ford James, 19                          Winchester 18 December 1830 – 7y

Fribbens Robert, 23                    Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Gange Thomas 20                       Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y (alias John Gauge)

Goble Edward, 41                      Sussex Quarter Sessions 3 January 1831 – 14y

Grant James, 31                          Essex Special Gaol Delivery 6 December 1830 – 14y

Grant John, 25                           Essex Special Gaol Delivery 6 December 1830 – 7y

Grant Thomas, 29                       Essex Special Gaol Delivery 6 December 1830 – 14y

Groves Richard, 21                     Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Hale James, 28                           Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Harford Samuel, 22                     Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Hart John, 24                             Essex Special Gaol Delivery 6 December 1830 – 7y

Hawkins, David, 39                     Reading 27 December 1830 – Life

Hayhoe Samuel, 34                     Essex Special Gaol Delivery 6 December 1830 – 7y

Hayter William, 28                     Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Hayward John, 20                      Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Heath David, 20                         Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Heath, David, 23                        Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Heighes Thomas, 28                    Winchester 18 December 1830 – 7y

Hepburn Thomas, 30                   Kent (Dover) Quarter Sessions 21 December 1830 - 7y (alias Winterbourn)

Herrington Henry, 40                  Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Hibberd William, 44                   Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Hill William, 25                          Winchester 18 December 1830 – 7y

Hillier Arthur, 22                        Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Hillier William, 25                      Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Hillman William, 30                    Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Hiscocks John, 23                       Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Hollands George, 28                    Kent Special Gaol Delivery 13 December 1830 – 7y

Holmes William, 27                     Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Holt William, 19                         Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Hopgood John, 30                      Winchester 18 December 1830 – 7y

Hotson John, 33                         Winchester 18 December 1830 – 7y

Houghton Peter, 34                    Winchester 18 December 1830 – 7y

House James, 23                        Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Hulks Henry, 23                          Kent Quarter Sessions 25 November 1830 – 7y

Hunt John, 20                            Gloucester Quarter Sessions 4 January 1831 – 7y

Hunt Joseph, 20                         Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Hutchinson Barnabas, 19              Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Ingram John, 24                         Essex Special Gaol Delivery 6 December 1830 – 7y

Jacobs John, 28                         Oxford Quarter Sessions 3 January 1831 – 7y

Jefferies William, 20                  Gloucester Quarter Sessions 4 January 1831 – 7y

Jeffries William, 45                    Essex Special Gaol Delivery 6 December 1830 – 7y

Jenman George, 20                    Winchester 18 December 1830 – 7y
Jenman William, 21                    Winchester 18 December 1830 – 7y

Kettle Elias, 18                           Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y (alias Kiddle)

Kibblewhite William, 20             Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Kimmer James, 18                      Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y (alias Kimber)

Lane Charles, 18                         Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Lane James, 36                          Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 14y

Liddiard Joseph, 24                    Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Light Thomas, 48                        Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Looker Edward, 19                     Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Mann Worthy, 22                        Gloucester Quarter Sessions 4 January 1831 – 7y

Marsh William, 25                       Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y (alias Maish)

Matthews Richard, 21                 Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Moore George, 22                      Kent Special Gaol Delivery 13 December 1830 – 7y

Morey Samuel, 19                       Winchester 18 December 1830 – 7y

Millard Levi, 26                          Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Mitchell John, 25                        Gloucester Quarter Sessions 4 January 1831 – 7y

Moon John, 26                           Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Moon Stephen, 24                       Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Morgan Abraham, 28                   Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Mould James, 23                         Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y (of Tisbury)

Munday William, 38                    Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Mould James, 39                         Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y (of Hatch)

Musto Edward, 29                       Gloucester Quarter Sessions 4 January 1831 – 7y

Newcombe John, 28                   Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Newman John, 33                       Winchester 18 December 1830 – Life

Norris Francis, 45                       Reading 27 December 1830 – Life

North Daniel, 28                         Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

North Samuel, 30                        Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

North William, 22                       Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Olden John, 28                           Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Oliphant Richard, 26                   Kent (Dover) Quarter Sessions 21 December 1830 - 7y

Overy Thomas, 23                      Kent (Dover) Quarter Sessions 21 December 1830 - 7y

Pagden John, 18                         Sussex Special Gaol Delivery 18 December 1830 – 14y

Paice George, 23                       Winchester 18 December 1830 – 7y

Palmer George, 37                     Winchester 18 December 1830 – 7y

Pearce John, 20                         Sussex Quarter Sessions 3 January 1831 – 7y

Perry John, 49                           Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Pinchin John, 26                        Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Pinchin Joseph, 45                     Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Pitman Richard, 29                     Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Pointer James, 30                      Kent Special Gaol Delivery 13 December 1830 – 7y

Ponting Christopher, 43              Gloucester Quarter Sessions 4 January 1831 – 7y

Poole John, 28                           Gloucester Quarter Sessions 4 January 1831 – 7y

Porter Thomas, 18                      Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Potticary Henry, 30                    Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Pudney John, 27                         Essex Special Gaol Delivery 6 December 1830 – 7y

Radway William, 31                    Oxford Quarter Sessions 3 January 1831 – 7y

Ranger David, 30                        Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Read Thomas, 25                        Kent Quarter Sessions 25 November 1830 – Life

Reed Thomas, 23                        Sussex Special Gaol Delivery 18 December 1830 – 7y

Ring Joseph, 23                          Oxford Quarter Sessions 3 January 1831 – 7y

Rixon Thomas, 45                       Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y (alias Rixen)

Roberts Isaac, 22                        Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y (alias Rabbits)

Rogers William, junior, 18           Salisbury 27 December 1830 – 7y

Rose John, 25