The daily prayers follow a basic pattern with some variations on Shabbos, Yomim Tovim (holidays) and other special days. There are some slight variations in custom regarding some points here. For the sake of simplicity I am ignoring these variations. The basic framework is the same universally.
Pesukei D'Zimra - Verses of Praise. We recite selected chapters of Tehillim (Psalms) and the song of the splitting of the Red Sea (Shemos (Exodus) 14:30-15:19). On Shabbos and Yom Tov additional chapters of Tehillim are recited.
Krias Shema and it's Blessings - We read Shema, preceded and followed by it's blessings. A lengthier version of the blessings is said on Shabbos and Yom Tov.
Shemoneh Esrei - The Eighteen Blessings. Also called Amidah. Shemoneh Esrei is said standing and is recited quietly. On Shabbos and Yom Tov different versions are recited.
Tachanun - Supplication. This is recited immediately after Shemoneh Esrei. The primary part of Tachanun is Nefilas Apayim, 'falling on the face', where we lower our heads. A lengthier version is recited on Mondays and Thursdays. Tachanun is not recited on Shabbos, Yom Tov, and most other days of rejoicing.
| Hallel - 'Praise'. Hallel is a special selection from Tehillim which is said on Rosh Chodesh, most Yomim Tovim, and other special days. |
Krias HaTorah - The Reading of the Torah. The Torah scroll is taken from the Aron Kodesh, the Holy Ark, and carried to the Bimah. Individual congregants are called up for aliyos. The Torah is read on Mondays, Thursdays, Shabbos, Yom Tov, Rosh Chodesh (the beginning of a new month), Chanuka, and other special days.
Ashrei - Uva L'Tzion - Ashrei, a prayer taken from Tehillim, is recited, followed by Tehillim 20 and the prayer Uva L'Tzion. Tehillim 20 is not recited on days when Tachanun is not recited. Uva L'Tzion is not recited on Shabbos and Yom Tov during Shacharis but during Mincha.
| Mussaf - An additional Amidah is said on Shabbos, Yom Tov, and Rosh Chodesh. |
Shir Shel Yom - The Daily Song. A special chapter of Tehillim is recited on each day of the week.
Aleinu - The prayer of Aleinu is recited.
Ashrei - Ashrei is recited.
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Uva L'Tzion - On Shabbos and Yom Tov, Uva L'Tzion is recited after Ashrei.
Krias HaTorah - On Shabbos and on fast days the Torah is read. |
Shemoneh Esrei - The Amidah is recited.
Tachanun - Tachanun is said.
Aleinu - The prayer of Aleinu is recited.
Ne'ilah - The Closing of the GatesOn Yom Kippur an additional Amidah is said. |
Krias Shema and it's Blessings - The Shema is recited, preceded and followed by it's blessings.
Shemoneh Esrei - The Amidah is recited.
Aleinu - The Aleinu prayer is recited.
