Welcome to Ancient Rome!


The gorgeous photo of the Theatre of Marcellus above, is shown courtesy of Mr. Lester at Tulane: Period and Style for Designers, I and II.

How to do Research using the Navigation Aids:

1. By clicking on the Hotlinks, you will be taken directly to the exact  location where the Topic is located on the page.
2. When you click on a site located under a topic, another browser window will open automatically for you on top of this page.   With your mouse, pull that window down below the Topic you are researching.  Every time you now click on a site, the material will appear in this window.   This will allow you to quickly and easily read the material and go through each site listed without losing this page. 
3. Remember to cite the "web sites and their authors" given below as your information "sources" in your paper or presentation for citation/bibliographic purposes.

Hotlinks: Table of Contents:

line

Main Sources
WWW-VL The Ancient Rome Index
Ancient History Sourcebook: Rome: Republic and Empire
The Amazing Ancient World - Premier Ancient Civilization Internet Book
Antiquity Online: civilizations, philosophies and changing religions
Antiquity Online: Quick Index
Roman Empire: explore all the different aspects of the Romans
Cambridge Classics External Gateway to Humanities Resources
Pompeii Yellow Pages: Everything you need to survive in the Early Roman Republic
Resources for Classicists
Jay's Roman History, Coins, and Technology Back Pages
Romanae Antiquae
Forum Romanum
ThinkQuest: Rome - Empires Past
EAWC: Ancient Rome
Welcome to RedRampant.com!
The Romans!
Forum Romanum
Ancient Rome
The Ancient Rome Links Page
The Roman Empire - by Emperors/Dynasties
NM's Creative Impulse..Rome
Rome,History Resources, Bibliography, Maps, Pictures,Electronic Library...
The Glory that was Rome
Nova Roma: Rome Reborn
Roman History
Romantic Chronology (Home Page)
RomanSites Home Page
A Brief History of Ancient Rome
Core Knowledge Lesson Plans: Rome (.pdf file)
Roman Civilization: Class Notes, Links, Definitions & Handouts
RomanSites
Roman History
Introduction to the Ancient World: ROME class lectures
Empires Past - Rome Main Page
About.com - Ancient History: Definitive set of Links
AncientSites: Links to Roman Sites
The Atrium: For Students and Fans of Ancient Greece and Rome

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Translating sites
Alta Vista: Translations of Pages, words and phrases
Translate between All European Languages
EURODICAUTOM WWW Interface: Words or Phrases

Glossaries & Terms
LacusCurtius - Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
What's in a Name? A formalized system for naming citizens
Roman Names: On Choosing a Roman Name
Global Glossary Guide & Hear It! Pronunciation Guide
Naming of Male Roman Citizens during the Republic
The Roman Name: How they are Constructed and Aabbreviated
Origins of the Names of the Months
Diotima: Glossary of Roman Clothing
Roman Military Glossary
Armentarium: Glossary
Words for a Modern Age Search - Latin and Greek Origins
Terms, Unfamiliar Words, Latin and Greek Words and Their Influence on our Own Language

Greco - Roman & Judaism
Greco-Roman Judaism
Study of Judaism and Christianity
Diotima's Religion Bibliography
Jews in Ancient Rome
MADDEN: Roman Slavery
The Ecole Initiative: Jews and Judaism
The Early Centuries of the Greek Roman East
Documents on Jews and Judaism in the Greco-Roman Diaspora
The House of Ptolemy: The Jews of Ptolemaic & Greco-Roman Egypt

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Time Lines
Ancient Roman History Timeline
Brief History of Rome by Era
Timeline of The Roman Empire
Romantic Chronology (Home Page)
Chronology of Roman History
Roman Empire Time Line
Foreign Policy of Republican Rome to 509 to 272
Time Line of the Roman Republic
HyperHistory: Etruscan 1000 BC to 500 BC
HyperHistory: Roman Empire: 500 BC to 1 AD
HyperHistory: Roman Empire: 1 AD to 500 AD
Imperial Crisis and Recovery, 161-337 A.D.
Later Roman Emperors, 306-395 A.D.
Fall of the Western Empire, 395-476
The Age of Justinian Rulers, 518-610
Table of Islamic Caliphs, 632-861 A.D.
The Byzantine Dark Age
Triumph of Christianity
Macedonian Resurgence, 867-1081
Byzantium and the Crusades, 1081-1204
Imperial Restoration and Ottoman Advance, 1204-1453
HyperHistory: Roman and Byzantine Empires 500 AD to 1000 AD
Hyperlinked Chronological of Historical Events and People
EAWC: Chronology: Rome
Chronological Order of the Roman Empire
A Roman History Time Line to Constantine - by Period

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Maps
DIR and ORB Ancient and Medieval Atlas
Maps of the Roman Empire
Map of the Roman Empire: Clickable
The Roman Empire, A.D. 12
Map of Ancient Rome c117 AD
The Roman Empire, A.D. 150
The Roman Empire, A.D. 500
Map of the Roman Empire
LacusCurtius - Roman Atlas
Samuel Ball Platner, Thomas Ashby, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome
A Gazetteer of the Roman World
Maps and Codices of the Roman Empire
City - Plan of Constantinople
Rome and its Seven Hills
Full size Maps of the Roman Empire by Century (EUROPE AD 1 - 1400)
Historic Atlas of Europe
Roman World: urbanization in 2nd Cent. CE - Map
Map: Geographical Origin of Emperors
Italy 380 BC: Decline of the Etruscans and the Rise of Rome
The Roman Empire at its Greatest Extent (clickable)
Diocletian: The Fourfold Division of the Empire
Map of Trade Routes
A map of the ancient city of Constantinople
Constantinople - drawing of

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The City of Rome and Others
ROMA - History and Civilization of the Eternal City
Caen - Scale Model of Rome
City - Plan of Rome
Aurelian's Wall: The Outer Defenses of the City of Rome
The Story of Romulus and Remus, the legendary founding of ancient Rome
Elegantly Laid out Cities
The Cities of the Empire: Cities and Provinces and Life in the Various Parts of the Empire
Waters of the City of Rome - Hydrological history and Urban Development
Waters of the City of Rome - Time Line
All Roads Lead to Rome
The Virtual Reconstruction Project
Map of Paul Bigot's Model
TLC - Rome: Power and Glory
Rome: The land and the People
The Roman History
Caistor Roman Town - Clickable Map
Constantinople Home Page
A map of the ancient city of Constantinople
Rome

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Art & Images
Roman Art and Architecture
Maecenas: Images of Ancient Greece and Rome
Rome - pictures of Architecture/statues
J. Paul Getty Museum: Looking at Art of Ancient Greece and Rome
Roman Art and Architecture
Rome: Art that Endures
The Roman Painted House in Dover:Discovery, Excavation and Images
Ancient City of Athens: A Photographic Archive
Julius Caesar
Caligula (Gaius Caesar) Marble Bust
Caracalla, Roman emperor
Decius, Roman emperor
Varius Evitus (Elagabulus), Roman emperor
Virtual Tour of Rome
Picture Index of People
Picture Index of Mythological Characters
Byzantine Images & Icons
Roman Architecture and Literature Page
War Elephant on an Italic Red-Figure Plate 250 BC
Servian Wall
Hadrian's Wall World Heritage Site
Appian Way Image
Mausoleum of Augustus
The State Hermitage Museum: Art Collection of Ancient Civilizations
Ancient Art
Gateway to Ancient Art Resources
Pompeii: Images of the Buildings - Theaters, Forum, etc...
Dr. J's Illustrated South Slope of the Acropolis
Vatican Collection of Greek, Roman, Early Christian, Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art
Maecenas: Images from Ancient Greece and Rome
Etruscan Chimera
Pompeii: Images from Pompeii Forum Project
Images of Pompeii from Tulane Univ.
Italy Online: Ostia Antica
Images of Rome
Siege of Paris Collection: Alphabetical by Subject (name)

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Frequently Asked Questions
Ancient Rome FAQs

Roman Education
Ancient History Sourcebook: Roman Educational Practices
Comparing Ancient Roman and Modern Education (Getty artsednet)
Historical Background Information for Teachers on Ancient Roman Education
Typical steps in the education of an upper-class Roman boy
Early Roman Society Facts
Ancient Rome - Education
Ancient Athenian and Roman Education
A Brief on the Differences Between Greek and Roman Rhetoric
Declamation
Cultural Notes: Education and Rhetoric
History of Rhetoric
Evolution of Latin Characters
Ancient Athenian and Roman Education
Impacts on Roman Society
Roman Education Facts
A Shrot History of Education

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Daily Life
Classics Department: Daily Roman Life
Ancient Rome Daily Life
Emory University - Odyssey: Daily Life, Private and Public
Forum Romanum: Roman Life
Every day life in Rome
ThinkQuest: The Roman Forvm - Daily Life
The FORUM ROMANUM - Exploring an ancient market place
Life in Rome in the Late Republic c. 63 BCE
Sodalis Pro Infantia (The Society of Childhood): Childhood in Ancient Rome
The image of a Roman family in Noctes Atticae
PBS: The Roman Empire in the First Century - Social Order
Definitions of Social Classes(Getty artsednet)
Roman Life Expectancy
Roma: Civilization
The Luxury of the Rich in Rome, c. 400 CE.
Imperial Family Roles
The image of a Roman family in Noctes Atticae by Aulus Gellius
Private Life: Chastity
The Roman Art of Death
Roman Names
Roman Life - Index
Age, Gender, and Status Divisions at mealtime in the Roman House
Death and Romans: Excerpts & Bibliographies
The Story of the Roman Slave's Life
Ideology and Reality: A Clash between Society's Perceptions of Childhood in Ancient Rome and Ancient Athens

Book Resources:
Shelton's As the Romans Did: A Sourcebook in Roman Social History (Oxford, 1998)

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Roman Newspaper
Vox Romana - news you can use

Slavery
Slavery in the Roman Empire Numbers and Origins
The Story of the Roman Slave's Life
Roman Colosseum: Slaves vs. Lions
The Cultural Significance of Roman Manumission
Slavery in the Roman Republic: The Conduct and Treatment of Slaves
Slavery: In the Late Roman Republic to the Early Roman Empire: Slaves, Duties & Manumission
Roman Slavery Vs. New World Slavery
Slavery Overview - scroll to Ancient
Slavery in Ancient Societies
Slavery -- Rome
Slavery and Society in Ancient Rome Syllabus/Book List
The Story of Slave Revolts! in the Roman Empire
Historical Background for Spartacus
Spartacus,The Man, The Myth, The Legend
The Story of Spartacus' Revolt
Spartacus and a decline in Slavery
Spartacus, the Movie of 1960
Codex Justinianus: Return of Fugitive Slaves & Coloni, c. 530
Slave-Mistress Relationships
Book List: Slave Revolts of 134-131, 104-100, 73-71
Keith Bradley on Slave Resistance: Wishful Thinking or Heroic Insurgency?

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Money
Roman Coins: A Gallery of Reverse Images and What They Symbolize
What Functions Do Money Perform in Economic Systems, Both Ancient and Modern?
The Virtual Catalog of Roman Coins
Coin Listings by Era/Ruler
Inexpensive Roman Coins
Inexpensive Roman Coins II: Two Soldiers With Standard Reverse
Dead Romans: Coins
The Roman Economy: The Ancients First Use of Money
Ancient Roman and Greek Coins
Ancient Routes
Virtual Catalog of Roman Coins - Long List
A Comparative Chronology of Money from Ancient Times to the Present Day
History of Money from Ancient Times to the Present Day
Dead Sea Coins
Currency in the Age of Diocletian and Constantine
Currency in the Age of Justinian and Heraclius
Currency in the Isaurian, Amorian and Macedonian Ages (717-1092)
Currency in the Comnian and Palaeogian Ages (1092+)
The FORUM ROMANUM - Exploring an ancient market place

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Culture
Marriage in Ancient Rome
Ancient Roman Culture
Roman Culture
Lecture 13: A Brief Social History of the Roman Empire
Seasonal Festivals of the Greeks and Romans
The Manifestation of Roman Music
Ancient Music Instruments: Texts & Images - English
What's in a Name? A formalized system for naming citizens
Roman Names: On Choosing a Roman Name
LacusCurtius - Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
Cicero (105-43 BCE): On Old Age, c. 65 BCE
Roman Cultural History: Shaw's Outline of Ancient History
Roman Life Expectancy
Burial Laws and Funeral Rituals
Death on Display: Introduction Main Page
Cremation in a Roman Port Town: A Roman Funeral
Impacts on Roman Society
Cremation in a Roman Port Town
The Roman Painted House in Dover, England
The Roman Painted House in Dover:Discovery, Excavation and Images
Villa - House in Ancient Rome
Lullingstone Roman Villa (incl mosaic)
DAUPHIN: Stone Carpets
Wall Mosaic of Poseidon and Amphitrite
Roman Social History Bibliography

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Theaters & Amphitheaters
Roman Theater
Roman Amphitheatre
Roman Theater (brief)
Pompeii: Images of the Buildings - Theaters, Forum, etc...
Dr. J's Illustrated South Slope of the Acropolis
Roman Theatres vs. Amphitheatres
Theatrum: Definition & History of Theaters
Buildings for athletics in ancient Greece and Rome
Theatre of Marcellus
Theater at Orange
Theatre at Taormina
Theatre of Sabratha: Largest Theater in Africa
Exploring Roman Forms of Entertainment: Baths and the Theater (Getty artsednet)

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Clothing
Forum Romanum: Toga Party - History of
Roman Clothing Part I
Roman Clothing: Part II Women's clothing, hairstyles, and jewelry
Daily Life: Clothing/Hair Styles
Ancient Clothing
ROMA - Clothing
Ancient Clothing - Sketches
Costume of the Romans
Attire, Footwear, Hairdo
How to make a Roman Tunic
Roman Clothing
Diotima: Glossary of Roman Clothing

Roman Economy & Trade
Also see Slavery
Roman Trade and Economy
Trade Within the Empire
The Roman Economy
Trade in the Roman Empire Interactive Map - Need Shockwave
The Glory That Was Rome: Trade Money and Commerce
Roman Spice Trade
Roman Artifacts from the David M. Robinson Collection of Roman Trade Items
Empires Past - Rome Economy
The Economy and Trade of Ancient Rome
Roman Trade lecture outline, questions & notes
Map of Rome Trade Routes in First Century
Roman Trade Map
Berenike: Roman Trade on the Red Sea Coast of Egypt
Evidence of South Indian Trade Relationship with the Roman Empire from 1 c. AD.
Roman Trade With the Canary Islands
Contribution of Mount Testaccio towards the understanding of the Roman economy in the Empire
Stops (mutationes) along Ancient Itinerary Routes of Roman Gaul
Map of Trade Routes
Roman Bronze Trade (First Conservation Efforts?)
Roman Glass
Ostia - Harbour of Ancient Rome
Ancient Routes
Roman Amphora

Book & Magazine Sources:
Putnam's 1894 book "Authors and their public in ancient times," - describes a thriving book trade in ancient Rome ( 60 B.C. to 350 A.D.) -- a trade in which some authors received payments from booksellers and booksellers kept copies in stock.
Reichmann, Felix. (1938). The book trade at the time of the Roman Empire. Library quarterly
Slaves and Masters in the Roman Empire: A Study in Social Control by K.R. Bradley

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Roman Baths
The Public Baths of Pompeii
The Roman Bath at Isthmia, with floor plan
Ancient Roman Baths, Bathing & Exercise
Standards for pipe manufacturing in ancient Rome
The Roman Baths Museum & Pump Room: Virtual Tour
Roman Baths
Exploring Roman Forms of Entertainment: Baths and the Theater
Selected Primary Sources on Roman Baths
Roman Baths: Three Types (brief!)
Roman Baths: Hypocaust System
Ancient Roman Bath and Temple Complex of Bath, Great Britain
Roman Baths Home Page
Roman Soap

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Food
A Taste of the Ancient World: Greco-Roman eating and drinking, farming and starving
A Taste of the Ancient World: More Food for Thought
ThinkQuest: Roman Food
A Taste of the Ancient World: Feeding Karanis (farming Town)
A Taste of the Ancient World: The Roman Food Industry
Roman Cooking
Antique Roman Dishes - Food Recipes Collection
Basic Food For Ordinary people moved to a new site.. waiting for URL
Food in the Ancient World
Roman Diet
Ancient Roman Farming
Roman Cuisine
Antique Roman Dishes - Collection
Everything you ever wanted to know about the art of antique roman cooking
Roman Byzantine Food
Age, Gender, and Status Divisions at mealtime in the Roman House

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Roman Calendar
Roman Calendar
Roman Calendar-- An Electronic Re-creation of the Perpetual Calendar of the Ancient World
Roman Calendar: History
Origins of the Names of the Months
Roman Calendars from Romulus to Julius Caesar
Julian Calendar
Octavian's Calendar Changes
Roman Months: Calends, Nones and Ides
Roman Calendar: Today in Roman History

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Women in Ancient Rome
Women in Roman Society: Noble Ladies, Warrior Queens, Soldiers' Wives, Farmer's Daughters, and Slaves
Women's Life in Greece & Rome: Main Page
Women's Legal Status in the Roman World
Women's Private Life
Cloepatra: Public Life
Ancient Roman Women
Women in Roman Society
Important Women in Roman Society
The Women of Rome: Private Lives and Public Personae
Roman Clothing & Jewelry for Women
Roman & Greek Women's Clothing
Biographies of Important Women in Ancient Rome
The Women of Rome
Roman Ladies on Coins
Romanae Antiquae Contents: Women
Marriage in Ancient Rome
The First Ladies of Rome
What the Roman Lady Wears: Hair, Makeup, Jewelry & Adornments
Midwives and Maternity Care in Ancient Rome
Roman Pregnancy and Childbirth Care
Jewelry Wrapped in History: jewelry designs inspired by archeological findings
Diotima: Glossary of Roman Clothing
Essay: The Women of Ancient Rome
Ancients & Pearls
Amalasuntha, Queen of the Ostrogoths: Imprisoned and Murdered
Gallery of Ancient Rome's Women: Images and Renderings
The Roman Woman and Roman Law
Women in Roman Religion
The Deification of Roman Women
Philosophers on the Role of Women

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Pompeii & Vesuvious
The Day Vesuvius Awoke: Three Towns
Pompeii Uncovered
Pompeii: Eye Witness to the Eruption of A.D 79!
Vesuvius "The Day it Rained Fire"
Pliny the Elder, Natural Historian and Scientist
Curiosity Killed the Pliny
The 79 AD Eruption of Vesuvius
Pompeii Forum Project - Main
Pompeii: Images from Pompeii Forum Project
Pictures of History: Pompeii
Images of Pompeii from Tulane Univ.
Vesuvio: The eruption of A.D. 79
Derivation of the name "Plinian"
Pompeii Resources and Case Studies Currently Available
Pompeii and Herculaneum
Pompeii and Herculaneum: List of Sources
Images of Pompeii
Virtual Pompei (QuickTime)
More Pictures from Pompeii and Herculaneum
Learning from Pompeii -- classical urban planning
Dining and Leisure: Nightlife at Pompeii
Pompeii: Images of the Buildings
Graffiti From the Walls of Pompeii
The Public Baths of Pompeii
Conjectural Map of Pompeii
The History of Plumbing - Pompeii & Herculaneum
Unguided Tour of Pompeii: Clickable Map
Vesuvius Home Page
Vesuvius: History of Eruptions
The Mysteries of Dionysos at Pompeii by R. A. S. Seaford
Pompeii Yellow Pages: Everything you need to survive in the Early Roman Republic
Osservatorio Vesuviano - Napoli
(You must use the Alta Vista Translating page for the above site, it is in Italian only right now)

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Gladiators
Also see Sports and Games below
The Gladiator
History and Interpretation of Gladiatorial Games
Gladiator Games
The Gladiators and The Colosseum
Roman Gladiatorial Games
Gladiatorial Games
Gladiators
ABCNEWS.com : Archaeologists Find Female Gladiator

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Gladiator the Movie - Based on Fact?
Behind Gladiator
Gladiator: The Real Story
The Movie "Gladiator" in Historical Perspective
gladiator - Historical accuracy
Gladiator Fact, Gladiator Fiction
Gladiator, The Story Behind The Movie - Chapter 1 - Preface
Harvard Magazine - The Roman Theater of Cruelty
“The Gladiator”: How in the World Did Bad Arabs Happen to This Roman on His Way to the Forum?, by Jack G. Shahee, Aug/Sept 2000
Index - Historia o ficción? (Spanish)
Classics-L: K. Coleman responds on movie consultancy

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Roman Sports & Games
Roman Games, Calendars, Art, etc.
Roman Ball Games
Roman Board Games
Leisure and Entertainment in Ancient Rome
Roman Chariot Racing & the Difference Between Greek and Roman Races
The Circus: Roman Chariot Racing
Arena: Gladiatorial Games
Roman and Latin Gladiators
Gladiator Games 1: "A Contempt for Pain and Death" Gladiators - Who Were They?
Roman Sports: Ball Games, Gladiators, Boxing and more
Hippodrome: Horse and Chariot Races
Historical Background Information for Teachers on Gladiators and Chariot Racing
Roman Gladiatorial Games
Roman Sports Games

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Roman Architecture
Romarch: Roman Art and Archeology
Roman Architecture: Construction Techniques
Anatomy of a Roman Arch
Imperial Roman Architecture
Imperial Roman Architecture (Part 2)
Roman Art and Architecture
Rome - pictures of Architecture/statues
Roman Architecture and Literature Page
Roman Monuments and Image Gallery
Ancient Rome Monuments
Caen - Scale Model of Rome
Model of Ancient Rome
index --  Maps of Rome
The Cities of the Empire
The History of Plumbing - Roman and English Legacy
Architecture History
Roman Architecture
The Thracian, Roman and Early Byzantine Architecture
Archimedia I- Architecture in Ancient Near East
Roman Art and Architecture
Great Buildings Online - Architecture Design, History, Images, 3D Models and more!
The Atrium: Form and Function
Vitruvius: On Architecture
History of Roman Architecture
The Great Builders: Building a Road
Buildings of artificial Stone
Marcus Vitruvius Pollio: de Architectura, Book V - How to Build a Theater
History of Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture

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Mosaics
Lullingstone Roman Villa (incl mosaic)
DAUPHIN: Stone Carpets
Wall Mosaic of Poseidon and Amphitrite
Alexander Mosaic I
Alexander Mosaic II

The Colosseum
The Colosseum: History, Games, Architecture and more!
The Colosseum
The Colosseum
Forgotten Wonders: The Colosseum
The Colosseum - more details
Colosseum
Rome 96 Day by Day - Colosseum
Important Dates in the Colosseum’s History
Grandeur of the Colosseum
The Coliseum could hold 45- 50,000 people
Colosseum was used for both naval and gladiatorial battles
Buildings for athletics in ancient Greece and Rome
Coliseum (Coloseum, Colosseum)
Virtual Walkthrough: Colosseum and Forum Romanum
Athena Review Image Archive - Rome: The Colosseum interior
Athena Review Image Archive - Rome: The Colosseum exterior
Make-up of the Colosseum
Dimensions
Construction and Location

The Circus Maximus
Circus Maximus
History of the Circus Maximus
Construction of the Circus
Circus Maximus: People Capacity
Circus vs. Stadia

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The Forum
The Roman Forum: Through the Ages
The Forvm: - Exploring an ancient market place
Images of The Roman Forum: clickable with information
Forum
Forum Romanum (The Republican Period)
Athena Review Image Archive: Roman Forum

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The Pantheon
Pantheon
The Pantheon
Ancient Rome: The Pantheon
History of Roman Architecure : Pantheon No.1
Roman Concrete and the Pantheon
Pantheon
The Pantheon and Floor Plan

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Science, Technology & Mathematics
Roman Numerals
Roman Numerals: History and Use
Math Forum: Ask Dr. Math: Roman Numerals
Math Forum: Roman Counting Instruments
Earliest Uses of Symbols for Fractions
Math Forum: What did the Romans contribute to Math?
Roman Numerals: Converting to Roman Numerals and Dates
Roman Numeral Conversion
Engineering in the Roman World: A Race of Builders
Ancient Roman Science/Technology
We can Build it Better!
Iron and Steel -- Or Magic?
The Legendary Tin Mines of Cornwall
Ptolemy: the Geography
Ptolemy's Geography: 20 Web Links Reviewed
Roman Agriculture

Transportation
Camelot Village: Heritage: Romans Travel in the Empire
Distance and Communication in the Roman World
Transportation in Roman Times
Roman Roads
Transportation in Ancient Rome
Ancient Rome Transport: Barges and Ships
Ancient Roman Roads and Bridges
Greek and Roman Land Transportation
Ancient Roads of the Romans
The Roman Chariot
Roman Roads: How they were built
Roman Road Building Technology
Roman Ship Museum
Ships and Barges
Transport
LacusCurtius • Codrington's Roman Roads in Britain
Birmingham Roman Roads Project
British Archaeology, no 27, September 1997

Aqueducts
SEGOVIA: Roman Aqueduct
Roman Aqueducts
Aqueducts and plumbing
Roman Aqueducts and Water Systems - Introduction Text
Roman Aqueducts and Water Systems Index of Images
Frontinus: The Aqueducts of Rome
Trajan’s Rome: The Man, The City, The Empire: Analyzing Pictures of Roman Aqueducts

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The Alphabet, Language & Writing
Rome's Greatest Gift to Us: Her Alphabet
Writing Materials in the Roman World
Terms, Unfamiliar Words, Latin and Greek Words and Their Influence on our Own Language
The Alphabets of Ancient Italy
The Languages of Ancient Italy
Latin Words and their Meanings
Latin QuestionsAnswers

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Medicine
Ancient Roman Medicine
Antiqua Medicina: society
The Surgery of Ancient Rome: Display of Surgical Instruments
Antiqua medicina: Etruscan and Roman Medicine
Historical Collections - Antiqua Medicina: From Homer to Vesalius
Finds from Previous Excavations: Doctor's Grave, Medical Instruments
Medicine and Anatomy
Ancient Medicine/Medicina Antiqua
Roman Health and Medicine
The Great Plague devastates Constantinople 541-543

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Religion
Religion and Death in Roman Egypt
Ancient Rome/Christianity
Women in Roman Religion
Religion, Superstition and Rites: Comparison of Compares Greek, Roman and Etruscan religions
Roman Religion Definitions
Gods and Religion
Banning of Other Religions Theodosian Code XVI.i.2

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Judaism
Overview: Religion and the Roman Empire -- Judaism
Masada in Josephus' Wars of the Jews
Masada
Encyclopedia of the Orient: Masada
Masada
Jews and the Later Roman Law 315-531 CE
Julian and the Jews 361-363 CE
Banning of Other Religions Theodosian Code XVI.i.2
Hebrew History: The Exile, 597-538 BC
Legislation Affecting the Jews from 300 to 800 CE
Judea and Civil War: Revolt, Independence, and Religious Divisions
Jews and Christians in Rome's Golden Age
Rome and the Jews - Part I
Rome and the Jews - Part II
The Great War Between Rome and the Jews
Rome's War Against the Jews: Anti-Semitism in the New Testament
Roman Sources on the Jews and Judaism
Second Temple Synagogues
Synagogue Faqs

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Christianity
Overview: Religion and the Roman Empire -- Christianity
Iconoclasm: Documents of the Iconoclastic Controversy
Christians and Rome: main page
Christian Atrocities & Torture / Rise and Fall of Rome
Jesus of Nazareth, The Alpha and the Omega
The Martyrdom of Perpetua
Early Christians: A Last Violent Test of Faith Under Diocletian A. D. 303 - 312
Celsus, the First Nietzsche: Resentment and the Case Against Christianity
The Legend of St. Helena and the Sweet Basil
The Chi - Rho: Most popular Christian symbols of antiquity
The Christogram
Early Church Fathers
The Catholic Encyclopedia: Alphabetical
Guide to Early Church Documents
The Fathers of the Church
The Ecole Initiative: Index of Early Church History
Chronology of Christianity (1AD-Present)
Noncanonical Homepage: Biblical Interpretation
The Christian Catacombs of Rome
Christians and Rome: From Death in the Arena to Control of an Empire
Throwing Christians to the Lions: Fact and Legend
The Catacombs: A Place of hiding and Worship For the Early Church
The Bones of Saints
The Justinian Code and the Catholic Faith
Eusebius: The Conversion of Constantine
The 300's: From Pagan to Christianity
The Early Christians - A Last Violent Test of Faith Under Diocletian (AD 303 - 312)
Edict of Milan: Christianity was given legal status
Churches outside the Empire
Catholic History by the Century
Pliny the Younger to Emperor Trajan on Christians
Christianity and the Roman Empire: The Transition From Minority to Majority

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Council of Nicaea 325 & Creeds
The First Council of Nicaea
The Catholic Encyclopedia:The Nicene Creed
The Canons of the First Coucil of Nicaea
The Synodal Decree (Letter) of the First Coucil of Nicaea
Nicene Creed
Canons from Nicea 1, 325
325 Council of Nicaea

Mythology
Encyclopedia Mythica: Roman mythology
Roma Legends
Romulus and Remus
The Story of Romulus and Remus, the legendary founding of ancient Rome
The Story of Perseus
The Story of Aeneas
The Sacrificial Knife: Roman dieties and Holy Days
Dictionary of Roman Mythology
Picture Index of Mythological Characters
Greek and Roman Mythology: Table of Contents
Roman Mythology
Gods and Religion
The Origin of the Days of the Week
Religion, Superstition and Rites: Comparison of Compares Greek, Roman and Etruscan religions
Etruscan Chimera

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Barbarians
Barbarians at a Glance
Map: Barbarians on the Move
Who Were The Barbarians?
Barbarian History
Contributions of Barbarians to Modern Culture and Civilization
Barbarian Society and Government
Barbarian Daily Life
The Barbarian Keep
"Barbarization" in the Late Roman Army
First Barbarian Invasions A. D. 248 - 269
Barbarian Resources

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People
Dead Romans
Antiquity Online Index of Names and Events by Civilization
Reference: Political Movers and Shakers of Ancient or Classical Times (1500 BC to 450 AD)
Antony, Octavian, Cleopatra: The End of the Republic

Julius Caesar
Ceasar
Julius Ceasar: Historical Background
Julius Caesar as Historian 100 - 44 B.C.E.
Works by Julius Ceasar (By War)
Julius Ceasar: Biography
Julius - Brief Bio
Julius Caesar (100-44 BCE): War Commentaries
Julius Caesar
The Gallic Wars by Julius Ceasar
The Comet of 44 BC and Caesar's Funeral Games

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Roman Philosophy
Ideology, Identity and Empire -- The Romans
Poets, Writers, and Historians
The Roman Virtues
Virtue, Manliness; Strength in the Face of Adversity
Single most important philosophy in Rome was Stoicism and PIETAS: Respect for Authority
Cato the Elder (234 - 149 B. C.)
Hellenistic / Roman Religion & Philosophy
Celsus, the First Nietzsche: Resentment and the Case Against Christianity
The Roman Conecpt of Fides:Good Reliability
Greek and Roman Philosophers - The Stoics
A Dictionary of Philosophical Terms and Names
A Timeline of Western Philosophers

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Historians, Poets and Philosophers

Polybius (c.200-after 118 BCE)
Rome at the End of the Punic Wars: An Analysis of the Roman Government, Rome and Carthage Compared

Titus Livius Livy (59 BCE-17 CE)
Titus Livy, 59 B. C. to A. D. 17
Livy
Livy The History of Rome init.
Review of D.S. Levene, "Religion in Livy."
Titus Livius Livy: Early Rome
The History of Rome, Volumes 1~4, by Titus Livy
Livy: The Rome way of Declaring War c.650 BCE

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Augustus (63 BCE-14 CE)
The Deeds of the Divine Augustus by Augustus

Josephus (37- after 93 CE)
The Works of Flavius Josephus
Flavius Josephus
Flavius Josephus The Jewish War init.

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Plutarch (c.46-c.120 CE)
MIT: Works by Plutarch
Plutarch on the Early Roman Calendar
Plutarch's Parallel Lives
Greek Heroes by Plutarch: From : Plutarch's Lives

Tacitus: (b.56/57-after 117 CE)
MIT: The Histories By Tacitus
Publius or Gaius Cornelius Tacitus - Tacitus
Tacitus, A.D. 56 or 57 - about A.D. 117

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Pliny the Elder (AD 23 - 79)
Pliny the Elder, Natural Historian and Scientist
An Eighteenth-Century Image of Pliny the Elder
Pompeii: Eye Witness to the Eruption of A.D 79!
Pliny the Elder, Natural Historian and Scientist
Curiosity Killed the Pliny
Pliny the Elder

Pliny the Younger - Nephew (AD 61 or 62 - 113)
Pliny the Younger
Pliny the Younger to Emperor Trajan on Christians

Ovid the Poet (43 BC - AD 17)
Publius Ovidius Naso - Ovid

Horace the Poet(65 - 8 BC)
Quintus Horatius Flaccus - Horace

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Suetonius Poet(c. AD 69 - after 122)
Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus - Suetonius

Seneca - Nero's Tutor (4 BC - AD 65)
http://library.advanced.org/11402/bio_seneca.html

Martial - Poet (38 AD or 41 - 103)
Marcus Valerius Martialis - Martial

Emperor Marcus Aurelius
The Meditations of of Marcus Aurelius

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Roman Emperors
Map: Geographical Origin of Emperors
The Roman Emperors, Imperators, and Caesars
The Julio-Cluadins: First Caesars
The Rulers of the Roman Empire: A List from Augustus to Constantine XI Dragases
Political History of Rome
Roman Emperors - DIR--De Imperatoribus Romanis Roman History Roman Roman Empire
Family Trees of Roman Emperors
The Roman Empire - by Emperors/Dynasties
Kings of Early Rome
First Roman Emperor: Augustus (63 B.C. - 14 C.E.)
The Later Roman Emperors
A Visual Compendium of Roman Emperors
A Visual Compendium of Roman Emperors Continued (117 - 476)
Quick Index of Roman Emperors, Noblewomen, Imperators, and Caesars
Decadence, Rome and Romania, and the Emperors Who Weren't
Rulers of the Roman World
Anecdotes & Stories of the Emperors
The Crazy Caesars of Rome

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Nero
Nero
Nero Loved his Mother to Death

Trajan
Trajan Resources
The Forum of Trajan in Rome
Imperial Fora, and the Forum of Trajan
Pliny the Younger to Emperor Trajan on Christians

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Emperor Constantine (Byzantine)
Orb: Byzantium Constantine I (ca.272 or 273-337, C.E.)
Constantines becomes ruler of Rome
Constantine Sole Emperor
Constantine, Roman emperors
Constantine
History of Constantine the Great
Edict of Milan: Christianity was given legal status
Constantinople Becomes Capital of a Christian Empire
Constantinople
Constantines coverts to Christianity in 312
Encyclopedia.com - Constantine, Roman Emperor
The Life of the Blessed Emperor Constantine : Saint of Orthodox Church, but not the Western Church
Council of Nicea was sponsored by Constantine
First Council of Constantinople
325 Council of Nicaea

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Warfare, the Roman Army & Tactics
The Roman Army in the Late Republic and Early Empire Part I  Part II
The Roman Military: Army
Ancient Rome  ::  The Roman Military
The Roman Legion
Bread and Circuits: The Roman Military
RedRampant.com: Roman Armor
Roman Army Strategy & Camps
Roman Military Sites in Britain - main page
Roman Forts and Camps
The Glory That Was Rome Main Page: Tactics Armor Arms Battles Commanders
Introduction to Siege Warfare
The Roman Army: General Overview
Roman Army Units
Command Structure of the Roman Army
Praetorian Prefect: Commander of the Imperial Bodyguard
The Castra: Roman Army Camps Built on a Standard Plan
Roman Legion: The Army on the Frontiers
Magister Militvm: The master Generals of the Army
The Roman Army: A Bibliography
Warfare in the Ancient World - Bibliography
The Armies Under The Roman Empire Tactics Weapons
The Roman Army
Roman Military Prints
Roman Military Glossary
Armentarium: Glossary
The Roman Army in the First Century CE: Descriptions of the armies and camps
The Reforms of Marius: Army Reforms
Papyrus: Letters of soldiers
Organization & Strategy of the Roman Army
Roman Walls: Strong defense
Hadrian's Wall: Boundary "to separate the Romans from the Barbarians"
More Warfare in the Ancient World
Roman: The Roman Revolution
ArabNet -- Tunisia, History, Carthaginians & Romans
The Ottoman Sultans & Successors: Rivals to Rome
Enemies of the Roman Empire
Geography of Roman Gaul
"Barbarization" in the Late Roman Army
The Roman Gladiator
Gladiator: The Real Story -- vs. the Movie
The Movie "Gladiator" in Historical Perspective

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Roman Navy
Ancient Roman Navy
The Ancient Roman Navy
The Roman Fleet
Roman Navy of the First Punic War
The Roman Navy & A Roman Sailors' Song!
LacusCurtius — Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - Ships
LacusCurtius • The Roman Navy — Praefectus Classis (Smith's Dictionary, 1875
Ancient Rome :: Navy
Roman Ship Museum
Roman Navy
Lake Nemi Roman Ship Reconstruction Project: Emperor Caligula's ships

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Carthage & Rome
Brief Condensed History of Carthage: 814 B.C. - 146 B.C.
Outline of Carthage
Ancient Voices Speak Again in Carthage
Encyclopedia of the Orient: Carthage
The Council of Carthage held under Cyprian 257 AD: Remains of the Acts
Carthage, Punic History
Carthaginian sites in Tunisia, Italy, Sicily: Slide Presentation
Carthage - Ancient History to Present day Tunsia
Places to go, Carthage, Tunisia
Ancient Carthage: Table of Contents
Important Dates in Carthaginian History
Summaries and Study Questions for the Odeyssey

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Punic Wars
Carthage: The Punic Wars - Page 1 of 18
Hannibal
Hannibal Trail
The Great Battles of Hannibal - Review
Roman: The Punic Wars
Second Punic War: An Overview of Invasions in 4 maps
Images of the Punic Wars
HWC, The Punic Wars
The Second Punic War: Reasons, Description & Resources
Punic Wars II & III - Carthago Delenda Est -

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Battles
Warfare in the Ancient World
Roman Army and Wars
Punic and Macedonian Wars Overviews
Rome: Punic Wars - Ancient/Classical History
Great Battles of the Roman Republic
The Battle of Actium
Imperial Battle Map Index by Name
Imperial Battle Description Index
The Battle of Trasimeno - Borrough of Tuoro sul Trasimeno - Home Page
The Gallic Wars by Julius Ceasar
First Barbarian Invasions A. D. 248 - 269

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Uniforms & Equipment
The Armies Under The Roman Empire: Tactics Weapons
A legionary's Basic Equipment
Roman Armour (Lorica) of the 1st and 2nd century A.D.
Evolution of the Etruscan Helmut
The Armies Under The Roman Empire Tactics Weapons
Armentarium: The Online Book of Roman Arms and Armour - new site, has great potential
Roman military dress: cuirass and tunica loricata
The Glory That Was Rome Main Page: Tactics Armor Arms Battles Commanders
Journals of Roman Military Equipment Studies
Roman Military Glossary
Armentarium: Glossary

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Weapons
ARMAMENTARIVM: The online book of Roman arms and armour
Armamentarivm: The Beginners' Guide to Roman Military Equipment
RedRampant.com: Legionary Weapons
The Basic naval Tactic of Ramming
Parts of a Roman Warship
The Testudo: Sherman Tank - Roman Style
Starving a City Into Submission With Siege Tactics
Artillery: Chariots, Onagers and Ballistae
The Catapult & Battering Ram
Developing the Conquered Territories
Ancient Weapons Exhibit
Catapults of the Roman Empire
Bronze Age: Weapons of Rome's Enemies
Roman Warships: Classic Triremes and Quinquiremes

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Justinian
Justinian's Acomplishments & Legacy
Medieval Sourcebook: The Institutes of Justinian, 535 CE
Roman Emperors - DIR Justinian
The Reign of Justinian, 527-565
The Emperor Justinian and Jerusalem (527-565 CE)
Contributions of Justinian: Law
The Throne of the Caesars: Justinian
Justinian Empire - map
Encyclopedia.com - Results for Justinian I

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Roman Law & Government
First Constitution - The Twelve Tables: Code of Law (451-450 B.C.)
Ancient History Sourcebook: The Twelve Tables, c. 450 BCE
The Law of the Twelve tables
Roman Law Homepage
Roman Law: FAQs
Roman Government and Law: A Quick Look at Governments In Classical Times
Legal Status in the Roman World
Laws of War in the Roman Empire, 350 TO 380 AD.1
Roman Law: FAQs
What is the Corpus Iuris Civilis?
The history of Justinian's codes
The law of Actions
Corpus Iuris Civilis: The Digest and Codex: Marriage Laws
Government in the Roman Republic and the Empire
The Roman Senate