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Order of Battle - Federal
Federal troops were organized into three main bodies at the start of the campaign; the Army of the Potomac under Maj. Gen. Joe Hooker, the Middle Department under Maj. Gen. Robert Schenck, and the defenses of Washington under Maj. Gen. Samuel Heintzelman. During the campaign a fourth body was organized, the Department of the Susquehanna under Maj. Gen. Darius Couch. The operations of these four bodies of troops was supervised by Maj. Gen. Henry Halleck, General in Chief of the Union Army. Troops from the Middle Department and the Washington defenses were sent to the Army of the Potomac during the campaign. Below is a complete order of battle for the Army of the Potomac, and a listing of division-sized units from the other three bodies which participated in the Gettysburg campaign. Each of the other three also had troops which did not participate and are not shown below. Some units of brigade or smaller size in the other three bodies are also not listed below.
Strengths are as of June 30, except for Milroy's and French's commands which are shown as of June 15 (their first combat) and 3rd Division, III Corps which did not yet exist on July 1, and are rounded to the nearest 50 men.
Army of the Potomac (Major General Joseph Hooker) 1
I Corps (Major General John Reynolds) 2
1st Division (Brigadier General James Wadsworth) [3850]
2nd Division (Brigadier General John Robinson) [3000]
3rd Division (Brigadier General Abner Doubleday) [4700] 2
II Corps (Major General Winfield Hancock) 3
1st Division (Brigadier General John Caldwell) [4500]
2nd Division (Brigadier General John Gibbon) [3600] 4
3rd Division (Major General William French) [3650] 7
III Corps (Major General Daniel Sickles) 5
1st Division (Major General David Birney) [5100]
2nd Division (Brigadier General Andrew Humphreys) [4900] 6
3rd Division (Brigadier General W.L. Elliot) 7
V Corps (Major General George Meade) 1
1st Division (Brigadier General James Barnes) [3400]
2nd Division (Major General George Sykes) [4000] 1
3rd Division (Brigadier General Samuel Crawford) [2850] 8
VI Corps (Major General John Sedgwick)
1st Division (Brigadier General Horatio Wright) [4200]
2nd Division (Brigadier General Albion Howe) [3600]
3rd Division (Major General John Newton) [4750] 2
XI Corps (Major General Oliver Howard)
1st Division (Brigadier General Francis Barlow) [2450] 9
2nd Division (Brigadier General Adolph von Steinwehr) [2250]
3rd Division (Major General Carl Schurz) [3100]
XII Corps (Major General Henry Slocum)
1st Division (Brigadier General Alpheus Williams) [5250]
2nd Division (Brigadier General John Geary) [3950]
Cavalry Corps (Major General Alfred Pleasonton)
1st Division (Brigadier General John Buford) [4050]
2nd Division (Brig. Gen. William Avarell) [2600]10
3rd Division (Brig. Gen. David Gregg) [3900] 10
Non-Army of the Potomac Troops
VIII Corps, 2nd Division (Brigadier General Robert Milroy) [7000] 7
VIII Corps, French’s Command (Brigadier General Daniel Tyler) [6000] 7
Dept. of the Susquehanna, Smith’s division (William F. Smith) [9000]
1Relieved of command June 28, replaced by George Meade. Meade replaced in command of V Corps by George Sykes. Sykes replaced in command of 2nd Division by Brigadier General Romeyn Ayres.
2Reynolds killed July 1. Replaced temporarily by Doubleday on July 1, permanently by Newton on July 2. Doubleday replaced by Brigadier General Thomas Rowley; Newton temporarily by Brigadier General Frank Wheaton on July 2 and permanently by Joseph Bartlett on July 4. Doubleday replaced in command of 3rd Division by Brigadier General John Kenly on July 11.
3Wounded July 3. Replaced by Brigadier General William Hays (not to be confused with Alexander Hays commanding 3rd Division).
4Wounded July 3. Replaced by Brigadier General William Harrow.
5Wounded July 2. Replaced by Birney on July 2, permanently by Major General William H. French on July 7 (from the Harpers Ferry garrison). Birney replaced in command of 1st Division by Brigadier General John Ward.
6Humphreys became chief of Meade’s staff July 9, replaced by Brigadier General Joseph Carr.
7At the start of the campaign, Milroy’s division (2nd, VIII Corps) was the Winchester garrison and B. F. Kelley’s division (1st, VIII Corps) occupied Harpers Ferry and other posts along the Potomac River. Milroy’s division was mostly captured June 15; its survivors, two brigades of Kelley’s division, and a few regiments rushed up from Washington moved into Harpers Ferry. Brigadier General Daniel Tyler commanded this force until June 26, when Major General William French was sent from II Corps to take command of it. It became known as French’s Command, VIII Corps. Brigadier General Alexander Hays assumed command of French’s II Corps division.The two VIII Corps divisions were disbanded and the troops transferred to 3rd Division I Corps and the newly-created 3rd Division III Corps on July 10.
8 Division assigned to defenses of Washington at start of campaign. Added to the Army of the Potomac by transfer from the defenses of Washington on June 28.
9 Wounded July 1. Replaced by Brigadier General Adelbert Ames.
10 At the start of the campaign, the Army of the Potomac's cavalry was organized in three divisions: the First under Buford, the Second under Avarell, and the Third under Gregg. Following Brandy Station, Avarell's division was consolidated into the other two, Avarell was relieved of command altogether, and Gregg's division was renumbered Second. A new Third division was created on June 28 by the addition of Stahel's cavalry division, previously in the Defenses of Washington, to the Army of the Potomac. Stahel was relieved of command the same day and Judson Kilpatrick put in command of the division. Strength figures are for Gregg's Second and Kilpatrick's Third Division as of July 1.
Note: The Army of the Potomac had an informal system of a left wing (I, III, and XI Corps) commanded by Reynolds before his death and Howard thereafter, and a right wing (II, V, VI, and XII Corps) commanded by Slocum, briefly by Hancock. Since this system was not formalized I have not included it. Reynolds, Hancock, Howard, and Slocum at times turned command of their corps over to Doubleday, Gibbon, Schurz, and Williams respectively while acting as wing commanders.