C0PYRIGHT NOTE
These pages and materials are
intended for educational use. They aim to serve the pedagogical and research
purposes of myself, my students, and other students and philosophers. As
such, reproduction of copyrighted images and text on these pages may be
deemed to fall under the "fair
use" provisions of the U.S. Copyright Act (below).
U.S. COPYRIGHT ACT, AS AMENDED
CHAPTER 1. SUBJECT MATTER AND SCOPE OF COPYRIGHT
Sect. 107. Limitations on exclusive rights: fair use
Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 106 and 106A
[17 USCS Sect. 106],
Sect.
106A] the fair use of a copyrighted work, including
such use by reproduction in copies
or phonorecords
or by any other means specified by that section, for purposes such
as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple
copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement
of copyright. In determining whether the use made of a work in any particular
case is a fair use the factors to be considered shall include--
-
(1) the purpose and character of the use, including
whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational
purposes;
-
(2) the nature of the copyrighted work;
-
(3) the amount and substantiality of the portion used
in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; and
-
(4) the effect of the use upon the potential market for
or value of the copyrighted work.
The fact that a work is unpublished shall not itself bar
a finding of fair use if such finding is made
[Amended 10/24/92 by Pub. L. No. 102-492 which added this last sentence
to § 107.]
Note to Browsers
Use of these works for other than educational purposes
(especially commerical use) or use of more substantial portions than herein
may require licensing from the copyright holders. Generally, with the movie
stills, the rights reside with the production companies; or if not
this would be a good place to start your "title search." Rights to unpublished
textual works generally reside with their authors. Generally, with
published
textual works rights reside with the publisher; or again, if not, this
would be a good place to start your search. The Copyright
Clearance Center may also be helpful in this connection.
Some Suggestions for Additional Reading & Reference
-
The Copyrite Website - http://www.benedict.com/
- provides good introductory explanations.
-
Fair Use Guidelines for Multimedia & Related Documents
& Links - http://www.libraries.psu.edu/mtss/fairuse/default.html
- offers guidelines defining a "safe harbor" for academic "fair use"
-
No Cense - http://www.mindspring.com/~mccarthys/no-cense/
- is a copyright reform advocacy page. The parade essay argues that current
levels of copyright protection are excessive: not only are they inherently
a form of censorship, they actually impede the progress of science
and the useful arts, rather than foster it, contrary to the very purpose
copyrights are supposed to serve.
-
The Electronic Frontier Foundation - http://www.eff.org/
- leads the way in free speech advocacy online.
Note to Copyright Holders
It is not my intent to adversely affect the potential
market for or value of your copyrighted work(s); and I have tried to provide
links to you or to vendors of your works in the hope, perhaps, even, of
advantageously
affecting their potential market and commercial value. Nevertheless,
I recognize that opinions may differ as to what constitutes fair use. In
the words of the U.S. House of Representatives report on the copyright
statute (H.R. Rep. No. 94-1476, pp. 65-74), "the endless variety of situations
and combinations of circumstances that can rise in particular cases precludes
the formulation of exact rules in the statute" -- "especially during a
period of rapid technological change." Again, in the words of the same
report, "since the [fair use] doctrine is an equitable rule of reason,
no generally applicable definition is possible, and each case raising the
question must be decided on its own facts." If you deem my use to have
adverse effects on the market for or value of your copyrighted work, or
to otherwise infringe on your copyrights, I will honor your opinion and,
upon notification, cease such use as you deem unfair.
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