The Great Pawn Hunter
Chess Tutorial

Pawn Chains and Levers

A pawn chain can most easily be attacked at its base pawn. In diagram #1, the base of the Black pawn chain is the Pawn on c7. If the head of the pawn chain, at f4, is attacked, from e3 or g3, with a lever, Black can trade the Pawn on f4. The pawn chain still remains solid. However, By using a pawn leverČ on the c file at the c5 square, White can trade the Pawn on c5 for the Pawn on d6,which is one rank away from the duoč of pawns on the seventh rank. This produces diagram #2.

Three things have occured. The Pawn on b7 is now isolated. The Pawn on d6 has no protection from other pawns. The single pawn island in diagram #1 has been transformed into two pawn islands. The Pawns on b7 and d6 now need protection by pieces if they are attacked. Tying the opponent's pieces down to defense gives our side the better chances during an attack.

In diagram #3, White has provoked Black, with the threatened lever c5, into advancing a pawn with b6! This does stop the lever. However, new weaknesses have been created in the form of holes at a6 and c6 for White to camp pieces on! Now that holes have formed, White can imagine basic checkmates using the holes in Black's pawn structure as in diagram #4.

The plan now becomes getting your pieces to camp at these squares for the checkmate! It is very often true that just the threat of doing something in chess can cause weaknesses to be created.

The French Defence shows us the use of pawn chains and levers in action. In diagram #4, the pawn structure has been created through the moves
1) e4 e6
2) d4 d5
White creates a duo on d4,e4 and controls the fifth rank. Black counters with a d5 lever against the e5 pawn.
3) e5
With the move e5, White decides to gain more space by pushing forward and creating a mini pawn chain in the center. It is essential for Black to destroy the White pawn chain. One plan is to attack the head of the White pawn chain with the f6 lever. The other plan is to attack the base of White's pawn chain with the c5 lever. White's plan can be to use the f5 lever against Black's pawn chain at f6. Since both pawn chains have become fixed in place, the direction that the pawn chain points can be used to tell you on what side of the board to attack. For example: since the white pawn chain points towards the kingside. It is natural for white to attack on the kingside. The Black pawn chain points towards the queenside. It is natural for Black to attack on the queenside. All this because of the pawns.

It is true that Pawns are the soul of chess. Even more: "Pawns are the heralds of the attack."


čA pawn duo is when two pawns line up side by side on neighboring files.
ČA pawn lever is when a pawn is advanced and is attacking the opponents pawn formation.



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