Toxic weapons: How they kill
We've all heard of anthrax, but what does it do? Use this chart to find out the symptoms and untreated effects of biological and chemical agents in production around the world.
BIOLOGICAL TOXINS
Toxin Symptoms Effects if untreated
Aflatoxin Headache, jaundice, gastrointestinal distress Liver disease, internal bleeding, possible death
Anthrax Fever, malaise, cough, respiratory distress Shock and death within 36 hours of severe symptoms
Botulinum toxins Weakness, dizziness, dry throat, blurred vision, problems speaking and hearing, difficulty swallowing Paralysis, respiratory failure, death
Bubonic plague Malaise, high fever, tender lymph nodes Blood poisoning, death
Cholera Vomiting, abdominal distension, pain, diarrhea Severe dehydration, shock, death
Pneumonic plague High fever, chills, headache, coughing up blood, blood poisoning Respiratory failure, circulatory collapse, heavy bleeding, death
Q fever Fever, cough, chest pain Generally not fatal
Ricin Weakness, fever, cough, hypothermia Dangerously low blood pressure, heart failure, death
Smallpox Malaise, fever, vomiting, headache, backache, blisterlike rash Bone marrow depression, bleeding, death
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B Fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, cough Septic shock, death
Tularemia Swollen glands, fever, headache, malaise, weight loss, nonproductive cough Generally not fatal
Viral hemorrhagic fevers Easy bleeding, red spots on skin, low blood pressure, flushed face and chest, swelling of ankles and other joints Uncontrollable bleeding, circulatory collapse, death
CHEMICAL TOXINS
Toxin Symptoms Effects if untreated
Nerve agents, including VX, GB and GD Runny nose, tightness of chest, dim vision, pinpointing of eye pupils, difficulty breathing, drooling, excessive sweating. Nausea, vomiting, cramps, involuntary urination and defecation, jerking, staggering, headache, confusion, drowsiness Convulsions, coma, cessation of breathing, death
Sulfur Mustard Agent Eye irritation, skin blemishes and blisters, inflammation of the nose, throat and lung, malaise, vomiting, fever. Classified as a carcinogen. Blocks cell growth, suppresses bone marrow
Sources: U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine