A Proto-Germanic wordhoard : A through B

ver. : 09 June 2004

Try these here parts, based on alphabet of word meaning : A-B, C-D, E-F, G-K, L-O, P-R, S, T-Z.

Note : these show only my viewpoints as to how and when changes took place. Lexicologists tend strongly to overregularize and overpattern the development process; it was a whole lot more fluid than that. None of these are figments; they all have some sort of successor word, however different it may be. However, it is not more than a well-educated guess. Feedback? Email me.

Robert Longman

A

a/an    det       ainas
abandon    v       lêðan
abdomen    n       bûkaz, hrifiz
abhor    v       grûwan
able    adj       duχtas
abound    v       taumjan, managan
above    prep       uban, ubara
abundant    adj       rûbjas
abuse    v       stampôjan, holôn, ligwan, êwiskôn
accusation    n       fernaz
accustom    v       wanjan
ache    n       akiz, seraz
acorn    n       akrânaz
acquiescence    n       sadaz
action    n       amalaz, dê-iðlaz
active    adj       snarpas
add    v       aukan
adder    n       nêðeraz
addition    n       aukaz
advice    n       rêdaz
advise    v       rêdan
afflict    v       agelôn, wundan
affliction    n       wundaz, angwiðaz, ðreχ-selaz
after    adv, prep       after
aftermath    n       aftra-mêðaz
again    adv       gegen, aibt
against    prep       angegena, wuðrô, andi
agreement (formal)    n       traustaz
air    n       brêðaz
akin    adj       sebjôs
alder    n       aliza
ale    n       aluð
alive    adj       kwikwas
all    adj       alna --> allas
allotment    n       dailaz, hlautaz
also    conj       auke
altered    adj       ðwerχas
always    adv       aiwi, ô
am    v       em <-- ezmi
amaze    v       gêsjan
amber   n       glêzam
among    pron       (ga-)manga
amuse    v       hloχjan
and    conj       unða
anger    n       hatiz, grim-iðô, wraiðaz, ðwiur-haiðaz
ankle    n       ankulwaz
angry    n       gramjan
animal    n       diuzas
announce    v       budôn, têχan
anoint    v       salban
answer    n       andi swêraz, andi wurdaz, andi haftaz
ant    n       aimetjô, meuraz
anxiety    n       angwostiz
anxious    adj       angwas
any    det       ainiga(z)
apart    adv       sundrô
apathy    n       andi lustaz
apple    n       apalaz
apron    n       skurtô
arm    n       armaz
armor    n       brunjô
army    n       harjaz
around    adv       umbi
arrival    n       kumaz
arrow    n       arχwô, fliugikaz, strêlô
as    conj       swa
ascend    v       stîgan
ash (ember)    n       askô, aimuzjô, falweskaz
ash (tree)    n       askaz, rauðnjaz
ask    v       bidjan, fraiχnan, aiskôn
asking    n       bôniz
aspen    n       aspôn, apsôn
assembly (war)    n       harihringa
at    prep, adv       at
attack    n       [be-]satjan
attract    v       at-ðinsan, at-dragan
auger    n       nabô-gaizaz
authority    n       raginaz
avail    v       botjan
avenge    v       wrekan
avoid    v       wenkan
await    v       fer-biðjan
(be) awake   v     wakkjan
aware    v       gaumjan
awe    n       agi, agi-istaz
awning    n       teldam
axe    v       hawwan
ax(e)    n       akwesiz --> akusiz
axle    n       aχslôz
azure    n       haiwwanaz

B

baby    n       bernaz
back    n       hruggjaz
backbone    n       hruggj-bainaz
bacon    n       bakônaz
badger (animal) v     ðaχsô
bait    v       baitjan
bake    v       bakan
bale    n       balwô
ball    n       ballô, kliuwaz
ballast    n       hlâstaz, hlaðam
ban    v       bannan
band (strip)    n       bandwôz
bane    n       banô
bang    n       bangan
bank (on river)    n       bankiz driuzô
bare    adj       bazas, blautas, nakodas
bark    v       berkan
bark    v       gelpan, gaujan
barn    n       bûznaz
barley    n       barzaz
barrel    n       fuljaz
barrow    n       barwô
basket    n       tênjô
bastard    n       banstiz
bath    n       baðam
bathe    v       baðjan, ðwaχan
battle    n       gunðaz, hildaz, wiganaz, biudô
bay    n       balgaz
be    v       bijun, wêsôn, aron, arta, ismi, isti, sindi, siju
beach    n       setlaz
beacon    n       bauknan
bead    n       beðan
beak    n       nabjaz; biliz
beam    n       balkanaz, baumaz
beam    n       sparrô, spriutaz
bean    n       baunô
bear    n       berôz
bear    v       beran, dragan, up-hafjan
beard    n       bardaz
beat    v       bautan, bligwan, waltjan
beautiful    adj       skaunis, fagras, liufis
beauty    n       skaunis
beaver    n       beboruz
become    v       kuman --> (be-)kuman, werðan
bed (garden)    n       badjam
bee    n       bêô
beech    n       bôkjô
beetle    n       kabraz, kabrizaz
before    prep       airi, fora --> (be-)fora
befriend    v       frijôjan
beget    v       tauhmjan, satjan ut
begin    v       ginnan --> (be/on) ginnan
beginning    n       frumaz
behave    v       mitan
behind    prep       aftan, hindan --> (be-)hindan, hindras
belch    v       belkan
belief    n       laubaz --> ((ga-)/be-)laubaz
believe    v       laubjan --> ((ga-))laubjan
bellow    v       bûlgan
bellows    n       balgiz
belly    n       hrefiz, wambaz
belt    n       gerðû
bench    n       bankjô, rastô
bend    n       hanχaz, hukkan, buχtiz
bend    v       bendan, bûgan, χnîwan, swîgjan, wrîgjan
beneath    pron       niða
bequeath    v       laibjan
berry    n       bazjaz
beside    adv       neχwa
betroth    v       (ga-)wedjôn
better    adj       batiza
best    superl       batistaz
between    prep, adv       twîχna --> (be-)twîχna, (be-)twiska
beware    v       warazjan
beyond    prep, adv       ið-
bicker    v       balðan ut
bide    v       bîdan
bier    n       bêrô
bind    v       bindan, riggan
birch    n       berkjô
bird    n       fluglaz --> fuglaz
birth    n       ber-iðôz
European bison   n      wisandaz
bitch    n       bikkjô
bite    v       bîtan
bite    n       bîtiz
biting    adj       tangis
bitter    adj       bitras, baiskas, sûras
black    adj       swartas
blackbird    n       amselaz
blacken    v       smuttanjan
bladder    n       blêdram
blade    n       blaðan
blame    v       fêjan
blare    v       blazjan, ðiutan
blaze    v       blasôn
bleat    v       blêtan
blemish    n       mailaz, wammaz
bless    v       ðiudjan
blessing    n       ðiudi-kwisaz
blind    adj       blindas
blind    v       blendan
blink    v       blenkan, blintelan, breχwan
bliss    n       blîðiz, hlasjaz
blister    n       blaiskaz; blestriz, baulô
blob    n       blobban
block    n       stukkaz, stuknaz, blokkaz, halluz
blood    n       blôðisôjan
bloom    n       blômô
blossom    n       blostma
blow    n       straikaz
blunt    adj       dullas
blush    v       bluskjan
boar    n       bairaz
board    n       borðaz, ðiljaz
boast    v       hrêman, χwopan
boat    n       baitaz, skipaz
bode    v       baðônan
body (living)    n       lîk-hamaz
bog    n       muðô, meuzjaz, siwwaz
boil    v       bûljan, briuwan, siuðan, wulan
boil    n       biuljaz
bold    adj       balðas, nanðas, χwatas, ðrîstas, kainjas
bolt    n       kulbaz
bone    n       bainaz
book    n       bôkoz
boom    v       bôman
booty    n       rauba
border    n       markaz
bore    v       boran, ðûr-il-an
borrow    v       borgjan
both    adj, adv       bôtwai
bottom    n       bôðm
bough    n       bôguz, astaz
boundary    n       markô
bow    n       bugô
bow down    v       χnêwan
bower    n       bûraz
bowl    n       bulaz, skêlô, χnappaz
braid    v       bregðan, fleχtan
brain    n       bragnaz
bramble    n       brummelaz
branch (small)    n       telgzaz
branch    n       tênaz, astaz
branding-rod    n       brandaz
brass    n       aizaz
brave    adj       duχtîgas, baldas
bread    n       braudam, hlêfaz
breadth    n       braid-iðô, wîd-iðô
break    v       briuðan, brekan
break out    v       wreχan
breast    n       briustaz
breath    n       brêðaz
brew    v       briuwan
bride    n       brûðigumô
bridge    n       brugjô
bridle    n       brîgdilaz
bright    adj       berχtas
brilliant    adj       êrχain
bring    v       brengan
bristle    n       burstilaz
brittle    adj       brutilos
broad    adj       braidas, wîdas
brooch (neck jewelry)    n       nateskaz, kengjaz
brood    n       brôdaz
brook    n       brôkaz, rinnô
broom    n       brêmaz
broth    n       bruðaz
brother    n       brôðar
brow    n       brûz
brown    adj       brûnas
bruise    v       brûsjan, malgjan
buck    n       bukkôn
build    v       buðljan, bûwjan, timerjan
builder    n       timraz, ðaχsuz
building    n       temraz
bull    n       bullôn, stiuraz
bump    v       bumpan
bundle    n       bundilîn, skaubaz
burden    n       burðenjaz, kar-iðô
burial    n       burgisliz, fiχaz
burn    v       brenwan --> brennan / branjan
burnt    adj       blakas, brunstas
burr    n       burzaz, tagjaz
burrow    v       wrotjan, smiugan
burst    v       brestan
bury    v       burgjan, filχan
bud    n       brustaz
bush    n       buskaz
but    conj, prep, adv       ûtan --> (be-)ûtan, aki
butt    n       arsaz
buxom    adj       bûχsamas
buy    v       bugjan
by    adv       bi