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SHOPLIFTING BY HONEST ADULTS



SHOPLIFTING AND OTHER THEFTS BY USUALLY HONEST ADULTS



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WHO THIS WEB PAGE WILL INTEREST
This web page will be of interest to both PROFESSIONALS (psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, probation and parole officers, loss prevention personnel, as well as defense and prosecuting attorneys, and judges) and
LAYPERSONS
(the theft offenders themselves, their families and friends, and others) who want to understand why usually honest persons would, seemingly nonsensibly and bizarrely, risk so much in so many aspects of their lives, for (frequently) relatively so little, in terms of monetary or material gain!

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Dr. Will Cupchik presented a paper on the topic of this site, at the XXIVth International Congress on Law and Mental Health/International Mental Health Summit, held June 1999. Dr. Cupchik's talk was titled "Why Essentially Honest People Shoplift or Commit Other Acts Of Theft".

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In what follows on this site you will learn:
-why usually honest people steal, and
-how to be of assistance to an 'atypical theft offender', whether that person be your client, a loved one, or even yourself.

(A note re consultations, assessments and/or treatment with Dr. Will Cupchik:
Dr. Cupchik frequently receives inquiries from lawyers, clinicians and the offenders themselves .

Individuals from the U.S. and elsewhere have come to Toronto for a concentrated number (10 to 15) of clinical sessions with Dr. Cupchik. In such cases, an attempt is made to schedule as many sessions as required over just a two or three days in order to minimize time-away-from-home and the costs for these clients.

Other individuals have requested consultations from a distance. Telephone calls and emails have served to assist persons from as as far away as Australia, and from many parts of the United States and Canada, to better understand and deal with their issues in the area of atypical theft behavior.

Before contacting Dr. Cupchik directly, however, please read the remainder of this web site carefully.

By the way, Dr. Cupchik is always interested in hearing from individuals, by email or snail mail, who wish to share their personal experiences with atypical theft behavior. While he may not reply to each message, he certainly does read them all, and this material may contribute further to his clinical investigations in this area.

Media Interest In Dr. Cupchik's Clinical Work:
A considerable amount of print, radio, television and internet media attention in the U.S., Canada, England and Europe has been expressed in Dr. Cupchik's work with essentially honest persons who have committed acts of essentially bizarre or nonsensical shoplifting or other sorts of theft. Requests for interviews should be made directly by contacting Dr. Cupchik by e-mail, or preferably, by telephone at (416) 928-2262.
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The book, WHY HONEST PEOPLE SHOPLIFT OR COMMIT OTHER ACTS OF THEFT: ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT OF 'ATYPICAL THEFT OFFENDERS', published in 1997 by Tagami Communications, Toronto (357 pages), is distributed world-wide through the University of Toronto Press Distribution Centre, via its warehouses in the U.S. and Canada.

This book may be ordered by individual purchasers from your favourite bookstore or online from Amazon, Barnes & Noble, or Chapters, or directly from the distributor, the University of Toronto Press Distribution Centre at 1-800-565-523.


Libraries and booksellers may order directly through Baker & Taylor or from the University of Toronto Press Distribution Centre.

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ALL VISITERS TO THIS SITE PLEASE NOTE.
IT IS STRONGLY RECOMMENDED THAT YOU SCROLL DOWN THROUGH THIS ENTIRE WEB PAGE, WHICH IS ORDERED IN A REASONABLY LOGICAL AND OPTIMALLY INFORMATIVE SEQUENCE.


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DR. WILL CUPCHIK'S CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS
INTO ATYPICAL THEFT BEHAVIOR

A registered psychologist in private practice in Toronto, Canada. Dr. Will Cupchik previously held the position of Psychologist-In-Charge, Forensic Outpatient Psychological Services, at the Clarke Institute Of Psychiatry, in Toronto where he was employed for a dozen years. He began his clincial investigations of atypical theft behavior twenty-six years ago, in 1974 while working on the Clarke Institute's forensic service with his co-investigator, Dr. D.J. Atcheson, senior psychiatrist on the same forensic service at the time. Their first article on this subject, titled "Shoplifting: An Occasional Crime Of The Moral Majority", appeared in the Bulletin of the American Academy Of Psychiatry And The Law, in 1983.

Also of considerable importance in dealing with generally honest persons who steal is a treatment approach that Dr. Cupchik developed called Reintrojection Therapy, a procedure which allows for the altering of the internalized relationship which an individual has with an important person in his or her life, past or present, including and especially parents and other authority figures. This approach is also described in detail in the book. His first article on this therapeutic technique, entitled "Reintrojection Therapy: A Procedure for Altering Parental Introjects", was published in the journal, Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, in 1984.

The book "WHY HONEST PEOPLE SHOPLIFT..." summarizes Dr. Cupchik's clinical investigations into the seemingly bizarre and/or nonsensical acts of shoplifting, break-enter-theft, fraud, and other kinds of theft that have been carried out by persons who, except for their theft offenses, had been justifiably viewed as generally law-abiding, socially responsible, ethical, and contributing members of society. These persons, whom Drs. Will Cupchik and Don Atcheson termed Atypical Theft Offenders, have, nevertheless, shocked themselves as well as their friends, relatives and co-workers -- by stealing. They are invariably at a loss to explain satisfactorily why they behaved in such an illegal fashion.

Definition: 'Atypical Theft Offenders' are generally honest and ethical persons who should -- and do-- know better, yet who risk their personal and professional reputations, and very possibly their working and/or family lives, for what is often (though not always) very little material gain, through stealing.

The book makes it clear
why generally honest persons, including many of those who have been misdiagnosed as suffering from 'kleptomania', actually steal. It also explains why the diagnosis of 'kleptomania' has often been greatly -- and erroneously-- overused, and describes how to provide more suitable assessments and effective treatment in these cases.

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WHAT YOU WILL FIND BELOW
ON THIS WEB PAGE


1. The Book's Table Of Contents
2. Book Reviews
3. Prices & the Special Internet Offers
4. OrderingThe Book From Anywhere In The World.
5. Article by Dr. Cupchik on the subject of why usually honest people steal
6.FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)

......Q#1: What do you mean by the term, ' Atypical Theft Offenders' and what kinds of theft do they commit?

.....Q#2: Can we really come to understand why some people commit apparently nonsensical acts of theft?

.....Q#3: What do you mean by 'the psychodynamic elegance of atypical theft behavior'?

.....Q#4: Could you give examples of the symbolic importance of of that which Atypical Theft Offenders steal?

.....Q#5: What is the difference between most Atypical Theft Offenders and those who are said to suffer from kleptomania, and why are the former so frequently mislabelled as the latter?

.....Q# 6: How can these Atypical Theft Offenders be helped to stop their theft behavior?

.....Q-7: How is Compulsive Shopping related to Atypical Shoplifting?

.....Q-8: Do you offer consultations to out-of-towners?

7. Curriculum Vitae

8. Media Interest in Dr. Cupchik's clinical findings and his book

9. The best ways to contact Dr. Cupchik for either consultations or media purposes

10. Workshops

11. Clinical Updates

12. More about Dr. Cupchik's Consultations
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THE BOOK'S ORGANIZATION & INTENDED AUDIENCES


"WHY HONEST PEOPLE SHOPLIFT OR COMMIT OTHER ACTS OF THEFT: Assessment and Treatment of 'Atypical Theft Offenders' ", has been organized into five parts so as to best serve as a comprehensive resource, one that provides information about the findings of Dr. Cupchik's two major studies of such theft offenses (the first completed in 1983 (34 cases), and the more recent 1996 study (36 cases)), with abundant material that is of use to the following readers:
:clinicians (psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, etc...)
:defense and prosecuting attorneys
:judges
:probation and parole officers
:loss prevention personnel
:employee assistance plan counselors
:retailers
:the offenders themselves, their 'significant others', relatives and friends, as well as
:lay persons who would like to understand why generally honest people would offend against their own moral and ethical code, and so often risk so very much in terms of their careers, their reputations, their relationships for what is often (but not always) so very little -- in monetary terms.

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THE BOOK'S
TABLE OF CONTENTS



PART ONE: UNDERSTANDING WHY HONEST PEOPLE STEAL
-Stealing out of need, greed, and/or conformity (or what this book is not about... mostly)

-When shoplifting and fraud 'don't make sense'

-A brief mention of the writer's 1983 study

-The findings of the 1996 study of Atypical Theft Offenders

-The relationship between personal loss and theft

-Some clinical issues with Atypical Theft Offenders

-Shoplifting as a reaction to stress

-Atypical theft behavior as a response to illness in self or 'singificant other'

-The relationship of loss to shopping and shoplifting

-Shoplifting and fraud as regressive and symbolic acts

-Shoplifting and fraud as conscious, subconscious or unconscious manipulation

-Shoplifting and fraud as unconscious retribution.

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PART TWO: THE CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF ATYPICAL THEFT OFFENDERS
-The great variations among theft offenders

-The Theft Offender Questionnaire

-The Theft Offender Spectrum

-An introduction to clinically assessing Atypical Theft Offenders

-Assessing treatment potential

-An abridged transcript of a first clinical session with a self-referred shoplifter who had never been caught

-The case for inclusion of the A.T.O. syndrome in a future version of the American Psychaitric Association's Diagnostic and Stattistical Manual (DSM).

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PART THREE:
THE CLINICAL TREATMENT OF ATYPICAL THEFT OFFENDERS
-Clinical treatment of Atypical Theft Offenders - an overview

-Specialized Treatment of Atypical Theft Offenders (S.T.A.T.O. Therapy)

-Redecision Therapy

-Reintrojection Therapy

-The client-therapist relationship

-Key issues for effective A.T.O. treatment

-Working with 'significant others'

-Marital sessions with A.T.O.s

-Group treatment with A.T.O.s.

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PART FOUR:
FOR THE A.T.O., HIS OR HER FAMILY, AND FRIENDS
-Some introductory remarks to a possible Atypical Theft Offender

-An open letter to the A.T.O.'s 'significant other'

-Finding suitable professional help for Atypical Theft Offenders.

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PART FIVE: FOR LOSS PREVENTION, EMPLOYEE ASSISTANCE PLAN AND HUMAN RESOURCES PERSONNEL, THE POLICE AND THE JUDICIARY
-Atypical Theft Offenders and the courts

-Proactive and preventive measures for retailers;

-Human Resources and E.A.P. personnel, and the police

-A final comment

-Suggested supplemental reading

-Index

-Endnotes.

ALSO IN THIS BOOK: 33 COMPOSITE CASES and 10 TABLES
PLUS
Two New Evaluative Tools: Included in the book are two new copyrighted pen-and-paper devices, the Cupchik Theft Offender Questionnaire and the Cupchik Theft Offender Spectrum, that may assist the offenders and those professionals who deal with them, to come to a better understanding of the offences and the offenders.
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BOOK REVIEWS

Review #1: From the CRIMINAL LAWYERS ASSOCIATION NEWLETTER:
"Dr. Will Cupchik offers a fascinating study of the atypical client (and) assists both the professional and lay person in learning how to identify and understand atypical theft behavior, ...specific assesment approaches, ... (Specialized Treatment for Atypical Theft Offenders), ...determine which judicial options are more or less likely to be effective with these cases, understand the prognoses in such cases and the factors upon which they depend, and generally how to be of assistance to the individuals who have committed these acts of theft.

While the crimes themselves may be minor, the underlying factors which lead to these crimes are extremely important both in identifying and assisting the atypical offender. ...While defence lawyers are not social workers, we are still obliged to ensure that our client's problems are properly identified and responded to by the courts. Dr. Cupchik's extremely useful text will help both us and hopefully the judges meet that obligation."
(for the full review view the CLA BOOK REVIEW site)

Review #2: From the NEWSLETTER OF THE ONTARIO PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (June 1998):
"this book (is) refreshingly unpretentious... It does assist the reader to look at alternatives and to better examine the specific individual with whom (the readers) have to interact, and it offers some tools for making appropriate responses or interventions. ....there are sufficient examples (of Atypical Theft Offenders) in our society to make understanding their dynamics ...important. ... I would recommend this as a book which will add to understanding and assist in interpersonal interactions for a broad range of readers."

Review #3: From Dr. J. D. Atcheson, Professor Emeritus, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto... "I wish you great success in the distribution of this important contribution to Forensic Science... I know it has been used in court many times... I hope that every lawyer and forensic service will have it in their library."

Review #4: From Mary Derouard, editor, Source RESource... "...an easy read with important info that I hadn't seen in print anywhere else. ...The book is also friendly, engaging and informative. I am confident that it will be a great resource not only to the mental health practitioner but also to the individual struggling with the behavior."
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Prices and Special Internet Offers


BOOK ORDERING INFORMATION
&
SPECIAL NEW PRICING OFFER


The book WHY HONEST PEOPLE SHOPLIFT OR COMMIT OTHER ACTS OF THEFT: ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT OF 'ATYPICAL THEFT OFFENDERS' is available in both paperback and hardcover editions, and may be ordered from your favorite bookstore or through Amazon.com , Barnes and Noble Online Bookstore , (or in Canada from Chapters.ca or, if you prefer, you may find it more convenient and private to order directly from the book's distributor, the University of Toronto Distribution Center (UTP), by simply calling toll-free 1-800-565-9523. Next-day shipping can also be arranged with UTP.

U.S. and worldwide orders are filled through the UTP warehouse near Buffalo, N.Y.. Just telephone toll-free 1-800-565-9523, or call (716) 693-2768.

The paperback edition's ISBN number is 1-896342-02-7 and its full retail price is $17.95 US (or $22.95 Cdn in Canada).

SPECIAL PRICING FOR THE HARDCOVER EDITION. For a limited time the hardcover edition is available for the same price as the paperback.

The hardcover edition's ISBN number is 1-896342-07-8 and its price is now $17.95US (or $22.95 Cdn in Canada).

Please note that for all continental U.S. orders there is a shipping and handling (S & H) charge of $4.00 U.S. for the first book, plus an additional $1.00 U.S. per each additional book.

SNAIL MAIL orders may also be sent to the University of Toronto Press Distribution Centre warehouse, at 5201 Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3H 5T8,
or to
UTP, 2250 Military Road, Tonawanda, New York, USA 14150.

TO E-MAIL THE BOOK'S DISTRIBUTOR
The University of Toronto Distribution Centre's e-mail address is:
utpbooks@gpu.utcc.utoronto.ca

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A BRIEF ARTICLE BY DR. CUPCHIK

As I discuss in detail in the book, there is an entire --and very wide-- continuum of types of theft offenders. At one end of the spectrum are those I have termed the 'TYPICAL THEFT OFFENDERS', i.e. persons who are usually thought of as 'common thieves', who have no remorse whatever about their conduct, and who steal what they want, when they want, usually for their own use or for 're-sale' to others. My book is not primarily about these persons.

At the other end of the spectrum, however, are those I have termed the 'ATYPICAL THEFT OFFENDERS', i.e., persons who may be living generally exemplary lives but who find themselves stealing for reasons that they themselves don't understand, and about which they may experience severe shame and remorse. These persons will sometimes steal what they have no need for, and often experience themselves as 'out of control' when they behave in this fashion. This atypical behavior can cause them great fright as they not only don't understand why they stole, but they may feel themselves repeatedly so inclined, and are afraid that they may steal again. And, my investigations indicate, indeed they might steal again, unless they uncover what the underlying dynamics are that have precipitated their theft behavior, and then deal with it.

Probably most theft offenders belong to what I have termed the 'mixed-type' of theft offender, who possess qualities of both the 'Atypical' and the 'Typical' kind of theft offender. Understanding which type of offender one is dealing with is essential for the professionals (lawyers, judges, clinicians, loss prevention personnel, etc...) who need to deal with such cases. Too often, persons who commit acts of apparently non-sensical theft may be erroneously labelled as suffering from kleptomania, and may therefore not be appropriately assessed or treated. As a result they may be quite likely to act out again by stealing and when they do their actions are taken as even more (erroneous) 'proof' that they are suffering from kleptomania. Meanwhile the underlying problems that are precipitating such self-destructive actions may be neither recognised nor appropriately dealt with.

My clinical investigations have shown that when 'Atypical Theft Offenders' (i.e. the generally honest and lawabiding persons) steal, they most often do so in response to having experienced (or anticipated experiencing) what they perceive as major unfair personally meaningful losses (such as the loss of health, a job, relationship, home, child, parent or 'significant other', etc... ) and/or they have acted out in response to other types of major stressors in their lives. This phenomenon was so prevalent that the co-researcher of our 1983 study, psychiatrist Dr. Don Atcheson (now professor emeritas, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto) and I articulated this apparently frequently occuring phenomenon as the...

LOSS SUBSTITUTION BY STEALING HYPOTHESIS, in which we stated th