Frequently Asked Questions
Radio Free Richmond Project:

• Why is it called the Radio Free Richmond Project?
• Why is RADIO the "best" outlet?
• What is "Community" radio? How is community radio different from public radio?
• Why is WCVE called "Ethyl Radio"?
• How did the Radio Free Richmond Project get started?
• Why not work with Virginia Commonwealth University
• Why not work with the local taxpayer supported "public" radio station, WCVE?
• Why not build a "pirate" radio station? Why go to the trouble to jump thru FCC hoops?
• What frequencies will Radio Free Richmond use?
• What progress is Radio Free Richmond Project making?

• Why is it called the Radio Free Richmond Project?
• Because the radio station does not yet exist
• Because regardless of whether the radio station ever gets on the air, the mission is "to facilitate, promote and bring the broadest possible spectrum of human experience/culture/ideas/sources to our public airwaves." This is based on the concept that no one person or group has "The Truth". I Think I'm Right, but I KNOW I'm Wrong. The best option is radio but there are many other ways to take the lifeblood of Democracy back from the moneychangers:
• Learn the history and tricks of media. Keep always in your mind that their motivation is, first and formost, maximum (and always increasing) profit for commercial media and to keep the funding of their constituency for noncommercial stations.
• Subscribe to other critics for comparison such as FAIR.
• Speak with others about observed media behavior and trends.
• Get involved in the creation of media.
• When you see a reporter in action, take notes on what they ask, who they ask. What of that interview ended up in the media in its edited form? Interview the reporter. Write your own stories for whatever publications/outlets you can find, even if just email lists and personal letters.
• Join Cable Public Access and become a programmer. Get a camcorder. Videotape reporters in action. Compare this with their edited products. Edit this and put it on Cable Public Access or show it at the meeting place of your Community-Of-Interest. Get together with other people that have camcorders. Videotape lectures and events that the mainstream media do not consider "newsworthy". Become your own news agency.
• Join the local "public" radio/TV station. Try to get on their boards of directors. Note who is currently on their boards of directors. How were they chosen? Who chose? Why? For how long? Where do they live? How much money do they make, what is their lifestyle? Are they sympathetic to your culture and lifestyle? Will they sponsor your local productions? Does this station contribute to the national feeds? Does this station make use of local resources for generation of multicultural sharing and debate? Ask questions. Send in letters (because they must maintain letters by FCC law.) Send copies of these letters to your deliberative bodies (PTA's, City Councils, Senators and Representatives, Lion's Clubs etc.).
• Identify the sources of power. Who makes the decisions? Who do they answer to (banks?). Write to these sources. Be specific. Make your case logically. Don't curse or call them "pigs" etc. Bring the responses to your deliberative bodies that sympathize with your values.
• FINALLY, CREATE AN ENTIRE NEW OUTLET ... such as Radio Free Richmond Project. We are exercising our right of assembly to create one forum, one sharing place who's constituency is the listeners and not Moore's Volvo or toothpaste manufacturers. This should be the one place where it will not threaten the fiscal viability of the institution to bring up the way that insurance companies treat the victims of car wrecks (just to pick one example). What could be more American than building a competing outlet to services that don't serve your needs?     <TOP>

• Why is RADIO the "best" outlet?
• Because the goal is to be as inclusive as possible of those Communities Of Interest deemed "unviable" by other media. We are trying to create a conversation, a sharing of culture, ideas and viewpoints across the spectrum of human experience. Print requires subscription, finding it (for freebies that often empty out in less than a day) and reading. Television requires a TV and worse, that you SIT there and WATCH it. Television has also been shown to take less energy to watch than EATING and puts the mind into a suggestible and nearly unconcious state. RADIO on the other hand is the cheapest of all the major mass media's, is accessible with a radio that can often be found in a dumpster and requires little from the listener. The cheapness of radio allows for smaller subcultures to be profitable to serve, if that is the desire of the radio operator. Radio is also a "hot" medium that energizes the mind's eye, the imagination, and can inspire people as no other medium can. One of the goals of Radio Free Richmond Project is to facilitate people becoming who they want to become. This means PSA's and informative shows on parenting, car repair, dealing with police, insurance companies etc in such a manner as helps the individual move forward without harming those around them from frustration or lack of known options.                 <TOP>

 
• What is "Community" radio?

How is community radio different from public radio?
• Something that many people do not realize is that the only thing "public" about "public" radio is the public money. In many other ways they are like the commercial and larger religious stations. They take your money and hire "professionals" that are annointed into the media preisthood by the mainstream value system's training (and job-finding) institutions.
• In community radio, there are few if any professionals at the station. The citizenry comes in to actually DO the music, news and talk shows. This is how a diversity of viewpoints is achieved. The citizenry are then directly engaged in the telling of the stories by which we define civilization and reality. Philosophy becomes reality when people assume it is true and make decisions based on that philosophy. Rather than pay some "professional" to tell you what is important, what is valuable, what is "viable", you say so, or play it, or respond to it directly.

Some care is required here, because there are instances where the SAME communities-of-interest that had the energy and drive to take over the other outlets can take over the community station also and thereby no greater actual diversity of experience is achieved.
Effective community radio stations ADD diversity to the area they are transmitting for and often that means that the station has to reach out to groups that often are sufficiently disinfranchised that they have never even tried to express themselves in public in any substantial way before. Thus we will be reaching out to hispanics, asians, housing advocates, environmentalists, human rights activists etc that get only token input into the existing media.
This brings up an important point also: It is often assumed that because there is "Urban Contemporary station" playing Michael Jackson, that this means that the "African American Community is served." This make several assumptions that community radio wishes to provide a testing ground for:
• Community is defined by that which you have little to no control over. Community is geography, community is skin color or heritage. Community radio is organized by a different paradigm, that of the idea of Community-Of-Interest where community is defined by that which you HAVE control over, your choices. In the Community-Of-Interest paradigm, you are defined by the choices you make, the culture you choose to identify with, the subculture you may create, the ideologies and methodologies that you choose to investigate and find attractive. Thus in this model there is far less difference between Clarence Thomas and Rush Limbaugh, never mind the skin colors. We would rather have Rush-vs-Ralph Nader or Thomas-vs-Jesse Jackson in a conversation.
• The dominant paradigm assumes that all of a "community" as their marketing department defines it is monolithic. The "Urban Contemporary" crowd are all going to be satisfied with Michael Jackson, and because blacks are associated with "Urban Contemporary" this then means that blacks are served. That is like saying a Classic Rock station serves all of the white community. Assuming all whites think alike.
• The dominant paradigm is seeking to sell products and ideas that serve the selling of products. Community radio is seeking to create a sharing ground across the spectrum of human experience. The dominant paradigm seeks to carve up only the profitable and "viable" sections of the population. Community radio seeks to pay the bills as any other institution must, but beyond that basic need, anything goes as far as what group of people to serve. If you were to look at a bell-curve that described the Richmond population, the vast majority of stations are all going for the big hump in the middle. They then carve up that big hump into categories that will serve the interests of selling solutions through the established monetary marketplace such as defining "blacks" as being served by "Urban Contemporary". Community radio on the other hand tries to serve the "tails" of that bell-curve, to create programming that serves groups, cultures and ideologies that are IN CONTRAST to the mainstream hump in the middle. This means that community radio tends to be a coalition of disparate groups, by definition then, community radio is multicultural, even as it rejects the mainstream middle (at least for airing). Thus Community radio is very rarely carrying Classic Rock (A sides anyway), Evangelical Christianity (but often carries the Quakers, Unitarians etc.) or Urban Contemporary music that is so well served by the rest of the stations. Community radio often eschews mainstream Classical Music for a slightly different reason, because the Economic Elite that are over-represented in the Classical music audience generally have already had the luxury of time and initial investments to take advantage of Fedreal Corporation For Public Broadcasting funds to build classical dominated "public" radio stations years ago. To qualify for many of the CPB funds, you must already have a station, already have a station of five employees and a budget of $100,000+. In this case there is no question which came first, the Chicken or the Egg. The Egg, as in nest egg, came first, provided by the Economic Elite, who then being the piper, call the tune, which so often is Tchaikovsky and not Town Hall or local Talent. For this reason, some have referred to the CPB as the Corporation for Petroleum Broadcasting due to the preponderence of regurgitations of art designed for the European Aristocracy many centuries ago, sponsored by Mobile and Texaco.

In Richmond Virginia, the Petroleum-Industrial-Complex=European Aristocracy link is a little more subtle. In Richmond Virginia, the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Central Virginia Educational Telecomunications Corporation (that owns our "public" radio and TV stations) is A. Prescott Rowe. A. Prescott Rowe was for many years simultaneously serving Ethyl Corporation (makes gasoline octane additives) as their "Vice President of External Affairs". External Affairs is "Public Relations" to the rest of us.Rowe's paid job was to manipulate public opinion and various legislative and regulatory bodies via the media as well as direct lobbying. Then his volunteer job was to drive out to the suburbs of Bon Aire and direct the Directors of  the only taxpayer supported media outlet for the Central and Northern (and parts of Western and Southern as well) Virginia!! This is why WCVE "public" radio is often referred to as "Ethyl Radio". This is a great benefit to Ethyl Corporation. Ethyl Radio used to be owned by the Union Theological Seminary and played Classical Music. Back then it was transmitted on 106.5FM. The Seminary sold that frequency and there was an outcry, a demand for an outlet for Classical Music. The Seminary sold the remaining station parts to the (then named) Central Virginia Educational Television Corporation that was dominated by Banks, Ethyl and such economic elites. They actually were not that intersted in radio in the first place BUT THEY REALIZED THAT IF THEY DID NOT ACT, OTHERS WOULD. If others "not in the fold" built a CPB funded noncommercial station, they might put up Town Hall and Local Talent that might "rock the boat" of the Plantation Class. This was not acceptable and so they reluctantly took over the station.
FOR EXAMPLE. Several years ago, Ethyl owned 13 houses on one of the best hills overlooking the river valley. It was the remainder of a proud old working-class-neighborhood, still housing many of the descendents of the workers for the Tredagar Iron Works that build the guns for the Old South and then WWI etc. Ethyl had already destroyed the other half of this same neighborhood, one hill over on what was called Gimble's Hill, for their Headquarters, that look remarkably just like a Plantation. Now they were planning (many have speculated) to build another industrial complex on Oregon Hill starting at the river. When the houses were destroyed over the couse of one weekend, there was some token media coverage. There was little if any significant discussion of it on what few local talk shows there were (most being piped in like Rush Limbaugh etc). Most public radio stations have a daytime (usually 12N-1pm) weekdaily talk show where the movers-and-shakers meet the community activists; the famous and the salt-of-the-earth all get together on the airwaves and phone lines to discuss the issues of the day (generally from a moderate perspective, unlike the preponderance of right-wing talk show hosts that dominate Richmond's airwaves). WCVE "public" radio does NOT have such a show. This is by design. Tchaikovsky can smother the body-politic the same way an overabundunce of Carbon Monoxide in a monopoly condition (car in a garage) can replace the oxygen in your bloodstream. There is nothing wrong with Tchaikovsky, but when the Music of the Masters is so dominant that there is no Town Hall or Local Talent (or different talent) then it has the effect of the car in that garage. Community Radio seeks to open the garage door, not to shut off the car, but to bring in another source of fresh air.
• Community radio stations seek to always maintain the listeners as the constituency. This is done by not allowing large transnational corporations from becoming major sugar-daddies (or the government for that matter). For example, Pacifica WPFW 89.3FM in Washington DC had only 5% of its funding from the US government the same year that WCVE 88.9FM "public" radio in Richmond Va had 16% of its funding from the government. Pacifica also does not take funding from Archer Daniels Midland corporation etc either.     <TOP>

• How did the Radio Free Richmond Project get started?
• In 1992, during the Oil War ... er "Gulf" War ... WCVE88.9FM so-called "public" radio station in Richmond Virginia carried "Talk Of The Nation". After the war, the show stopped airing. Maxwell (one of the founders of Radio Free Richmond Project) wanted to hear it on the air again. So Maxwell called up the station management and asked if they would put it back on. Steve Clark (mid level management) answered the phone and said that TOTN was "no longer available, that was a special just for the Gulf War." Maxwell then heard TOTN live a few months later upon visiting Washington DC. When this was brought to WCVE's attention, Clark roughly said "we won't make room for it." Maxwell suggested that they start another station as WHOV in Norfolk did. WCVE claimed that there were no frequencies available. Being ignorant at the time, that was that for that time.

 
• In 1995, one of the founders of Radio Free Richmond Project, Christopher Maxwell, realized that the reason that one of the few money-making urban (multi-story buildings) universtiy recycling programs was not getting the support it needed to thrive and grow into something nationally noteworthy was that people did not realize what was happening and what was to be lost. The local media did not consider its problems "newsworthy". Maxwell realized that for anything to change for the better, another outlet was required. Naturally, Maxwell assumed that the two best possibilities were college radio and public radio.

 

 

So in 1995, Maxwell attempted to join Virginia Commonwealth University's "radio" station, WVCW, a carrier-current and Cable FM station that was housed in Virginia's only accredited public school of mass communications. Maxwell soon discovered that while they ran half-page ads in the school newspapers begging for volunteer aide, and Maxwell having many years of experience on WDCE 90.1 (University of Richmond's 100W radio station) doing news and talk shows ... there was nothing that Maxwell could provide they wanted. Anonymous sources later informed Maxwell that the annointed "professionals to be" student management had informed everyone "to under no circumstances allow Maxwell to volunteer for anything." They knew Maxwell to be a tireless worker and crusader for a diversity of views and if Maxwell got his "nose under the tent" it  would not be long before the station no longer sounded like the local "classic rock" station, XL102.

The VCU School of Mass Communications has recently lost its accreditation. There are more details than this space warrants to go into to explain that but the short answer to both problems is that the VCU School of Mass Communications has never been particularly interested in Broadcasting. The main interest for the school has always been Advertising and Public Relations. When you realize that the two main supporters for the VCU School of Mass Communications are the Richmond Times Dispatch (Media General Corporation) and the Martin Agency (advertising) you can see why it is SO VITAL that community radio does not accept large corporate dominance of its funding base. The Pied Piper leads the rats wherever he wants them to go. This is also why the only real effort that VCU has ever seen in the last 15 years to establish a real student "radio" station has come from Student Government, and NOT the School of Mass Communications.

Maxwell then turned his attention back to WCVE public radio. Knowing other people had tried to start shows there with no luck, Maxwell instead took the tactic of asking for a popular show, Talk Of The Nation (TOTN). Maxwell called up during a pledge drive and pledged $200 for the "Day Sponsorship". The Day Sponsorship allows the sponsor to have their message read several times during the course of the chosen day. Maxwell wanted his to say "Richmond Newshounds welcome to Central Virginia, Talk Of the Nation" partly to promote his new newsletter "Murrow's Hope" for an interest group called "Richmond Newshound's Society" (predecessor to the broader-based Radio Free Richmond Project).

The pledge manager said they could not air that statement since they were not going to run TOTN. Maxwell asked why not. WCVE management stated "because there is no room."

Maxwell understood this to mean 'we will not displace the late afternoon classical music for talk radio no matter how popular.'

Maxwell replied, "No problem, take out a second frequency (WHRV 89.5FM) just as WHRO all-classical in Norfolk Va. did."

Again the answer was "There is no room on the radio dial."

Not having a fast answer, Maxwell hung up. Since Norfolk has 41 radio stations and Atlanta Georgia has 56 radio stations, both on fairly flat ground with no known substantial differences in the electromagnetic properties of that area of the earth or the atmosphere there that would affect radio wave propogation, Maxwell did not believe that Richmond could only accomodate 32 stations. Maxwell went into the FCC database and had consultations with several radio station engineers who specialize in finding available frequencies, and sure enough, Maxwell procured essential data for applying for 88.1FM co-located on the Channel 6 TV tower and for 89.7FM located at or east of the WRVA installation on Church Hill, Richmond.

When Maxwell called back public radio with the "good news", he was informed that "we don't have any money."

Maxwell then several days later recieved a 1994 Financial Statement for the Central Virginia Educational Telecomunications Corporation that showed that they were one of the best endowed public radio/TV combos in the continental United States with enough money to start several new radio stations.

They said "there is no interest in talk radio." Maxwell knew that to be a lie. The only format increasing faster than talk radio was country-gospel. There were counry and gospel stations popping up like mushrooms after a misty rain.

But at this point, Maxwell began feeling like a mushroom. So when the Board Of Directors met, Maxwell went and began pigeonholing boardmembers as they came out of the buildings with the same question and answer rounds every time. It was apparent that they had been briefed before the meeting because Maxwell attened the meeting and heard the treasurer state that 'many people are going to question our surplus and ask why we are not doing more, you tell them that Congress is cutting back and we will need that.'

Mr Miller and Mr. Steve Clark (WCVE management) then came out after the fifth boardmember had scurried away and asked,"Is there something we can do for you?"

Maxwell replied, "Sure, play Talk Of The Nation" and offered the $200 cash for the day sponsorship in his hand to Mr. Miller. They did not take the money. They invited Maxwell back into the now-empty boardroom for a "conversation". The same question and answer "debate" was held yet again. This time it concluded when Maxwell reported the technical specifications for 88.1 and 89.7FM and this time Steve Clark leaned forward about 8 inches from Maxwell's face and yelled exuberantly enough to get spittle on Maxwell's face, "If you know so damn much about radio, why don't you start your own!?!?!"

Maxwell sat back in the chair, flipped the $200 shut and said, "That's a good idea."

And The Radio Free Richmond Project was started. <TOP>

UPDATE!!: 89.7FM lost to "Theocracy Radio" ...

• Theocracy Radio Comes To Richmond: the American Family Association (AFA) is to America as the Spanish Inquisition is to Europe as the Taliban are to Afghanistan.The American Family Association (AFA) announced entry (Style Magazine, 6/14/99) into Richmond's radio market at 89.7FM. The AFA is cited in research by the American Civil Liberties Union as being a part of "... the 'postmillenialist' [movement], who believe that Christ will not return until after Christians reign for a thousand years. Because they believe that they must literally prepare the way for Christ's return, their ranks include some of the most committed political activists on the religious right."

Like many other utopian visions, the AFA utopia requires that there be no dissent, no backsliders, no pockets of resistance to "Th(eir) Truth" This is the direct opposite of the idea of eclectic community radio that is diversity oriented. This is the next step in making the dystopia of  "The Handmaiden's Tale" come true.
• The new AFA station will block Richmonder's ability to receive the only second reliably eclectic and diverse NPR radio station available to Richmond's population, WHRV 89.5FM (Norfolk) that can still be currently received in Richmond (click here to find out how)
• WCVE88.9FM public radio was given the first opportunity to use the technical specifications for 89.7FM that were researched by the Richmond Newshound's Society in the mid 90s. Richmond's own public radio, WCVE88.9FM, could have used 89.7FM to create a second eclectic local community station.
• WCVE refused the opportunity. Steve Clark, WCVE Program Director, yelled "If you know so damn much about radio , why don't you start your own station?!" The Radio Free Richmond Project was born.
• Coincidentally the AFA applied for this frequency mere months later!!

Click here to get all the horrible details ...

• Why not build a "Pirate" radio station?
• The short answer is "because we want to challenge the dominant paridigm." This may sound oxymoronic to some because we are going to try to follow the legal path set before us by an authority structure designed to minimize our access to the public commons (the airwaves) because they would rather keep it for "those in the fold" of the economic-power-elite. It is not. We want to serve as that meeting place, that sharing space for the ignored Communities Of Interest to gather and have their subcultures valued, nurtured and be able to exchange energy and ideas the way flowers exchange pollen to create a diversity of color and species in a field. In order to accomplish that, we must have a stable "place" on the radio spectrum, a stable physical address where people can come and volunteer, to become a star in our constellation of minds. A pirate station is always on the run from the authorities it is questioning and challenging. We would rather place our faith and energy (for the time being) in our Democratic Republican structure (until proven otherwise that they have provided no room whatsoever). It is ironic that the very concern for the decay of Democracy in this country has fueled the kinds of activities (Militias) that may accelerate the decay further.

If the Powers-That-Be do not recognize that their abuses are going to destroy civilization as we know it, since we the Rest Of Us are going to pay the ultimate price (as did the common folk of the Titanic), it behooves us to try to use civilized methods until that time comes when it becomes apparent that there are no solutions for us in that system.
It should be noted that while there were many that thought that  Civil Rights marches were "illegal" and thus did not march, they DID support the civil disobedience in letters and phone calls and by passively-aggressivley harboring marchers and such. Similarly, the Radio Free Richmond project supports communications across all spectrum of those who propose to solve this problem of a lack of access to the lifeblood of Democracy (the Fourth Estate, the media) for so many. Therefore the Radio Free Richmond Project is informing people of efforts to change the rules to provide for more inclusivity in the distribution of frequencies on the radio dial. You can read more about that in the December 1998 newsletter.

If we come to the end of that process with no satisfactory solution, the other options will be considered.    <TOP>

• What frequencies will Radio Free Richmond use?
• This is an issue of some difficulty to explain. The short answer is "Where there is a will, there is a way." The longer answer is "we can't tell you exactly." This is due to a local instance of a national trend that has denied many frequencies to many local civic organizations. Back in 1995 Christopher Maxwell originally asked the "public" radio station in Richmond, WCVE 88.9FM, to expand into a second frequency (see question:"How did RFRP get started?"). WCVE management was given technical information that would allow them to make an application to the FCC for 88.1FM and 89.7FM. Then Maxwell got on (then) Continental CableVision's Cable Public Access channel to talk about it on If I Had A Hammer. Within a few months, The American Family Association (with deep pockets and connections to the conservative economic elite) applied for the exact same frequencies! Research on the web showed that this was common. A civic organization would do the ex$pen$ive engineering work to identify legal frequencies, the national evangelical organization would then wait in the wings for this civic organization to announce the "good news" before they had made the application ... and then sweep in with their huge bank accounts and legal and engineering staff and snap up the frequencies. It is a great catch-22 that they exploit. The local civic organization must rally the troops to get up the fundraising and the volunteers to have sufficient capital (roughly $30,000) just to make the application for a frequency ... this rallying of the troops and the usually open communication that results is that civic organization's downfall. The American Family Association will typically then plant a satellite dish in the yard of the transmitter and only repeat the same programming that the entire nation recieves. Ironically, this is a result of earlier efforts of the FCC to open up frequencies for civic organizations use. The problem is that there were no local origination requirements and no local ownership and control requirements and as a result, we nationally have thousands upon thousands of stations that are merely repeaters of satellite programming with no local input from even the local evangelical community!

 

 

As a result of this bad experience with a national trend, the Radio Free Richmond Project is understandably reluctant to discuss the actual technical means by which we plan to execute our mission.

But remember, "everyone" was so sure that urban recycling was not possible, that recycling in large verticle buildings was not possible. Maxwell never let that stop him as he and the many people who helped increased the recycling from 32 Tons of mixed recycling in 1992 to 302Tons of separated (and more valuable) recyclables in 1994!

FURTHERMORE, if you go to the December 1998 newsletter, there is an explanation there of efforts to open up new frequencies to local civic organizations and this time learn from past mistakes and have local content and ownership rules in place as well as preferential treatment for those organizations that do not already have a transmitter to encourage diversity of sources.      <TOP>
 

• What progress is Radio Free Richmond Project making?
• As of January 1999, we have created a nonprofit corporation, assembled much of a working board of directors and achieved nonprofit status with the IRS.
• Hosted several months of discussions on the issue on MediaOne's Cable Public Access as well as discussions on Continetal Cablevision's Cable Public Access station several years ago.
• Produced a documentary of the October 4th and 5th 1998 "Microbroadcaster's Mobilization" march on Washington's FCC and NAB to protest the combined jaws of FCC policies (at the behest of NPR and the NAB) that make starting a community radio station  so expensive as to put it beyond the means of any but the most well-endowed or persistent civic organizations and a crackdown by the FCC (agian, at the behest of other broadcasters, not the FAA or other public safety radio users) on "pirate" radio broadcasters that serve the minority groups that the other stations don't want to lose as a captive audience. NOTE: The Radio Free Richmond Project plans to go the legal route and go through the extended trouble to have a legal frequency.
• Established a mailing list of almost 1000 people and started with a petition drive to save Living On Earth on WCVE "public" radio by moving it to Monday's at 6:30pm.
• We have criticized WCVE for not moving Jazz back to 7pm and extending it (push Carl Haas even further back since classical has a near total dominance of the daytime programming). We have asked WCVE to place a variety of news features that come from various specialized interest groups such as Living On Earth (Environmentalists) World Beat, Counterspin (Fairness and Accuracy In Reporting) etc. WCVE has responded by interviewing the founder of Riverwalk (Jazz) in the afternoon during the beg-a-thon. WCVE has adopted much of our rhetoric and has started referring to themselves as a "community" radio station. WCVE has also carried a few momentay news features (naturally not the ones of interest to us) during the time cited in our critiques (6:30pm).
• Now WCVE has moved to copy many other public radio stations by moving Marketplace back from 6pm to 6:30pm weekdays.

Radio Free Richmond Project